Tribal aṭangin Non-Tribal hnamah a inleh theih em?

Huna Kawlvawm

Hnam hnufual dawm kân ngai SC/ST ni lo mi tu emawin amah leh amah hnam hnufual SC/ST anga a inchhal a, chutiang nihna tichiang thei lehkha lem a neih chuan chu certificate chu Constitution of India bumna a ni. 

- Supreme Court

Kum li/nga kal tawhah khan Mizo ni lo non-tribal pakhat chuan Mizo sa phunin, Mizo Chhangte hnamah a inpe/inlet a; fapa anga pawm, a hnam rochuntir duh Mizo pa zingah kan lo awm leh zel kha a vanduaithlak a, mi dang tu mahin tih nawn hauh tawh loh chi a ni. Tribal certificate pawh pahnih lai a lo hûm reng mai! Tribal hamṭhatna zar zo hian Income Tax chawi ngaite chu a lo âwl hmiah mai tih hriat a ni.

Hemi ang hi India ram hmun tam takah pawh a thleng ṭhin. Sakhaw inlehna avang te, inneihna leh SC/ST ten hamṭhatna India Constitution-in a pek dawn duh avanga hnam hnufual nihna caste certificate lo neite chungchang thu High Court leh Supreme Court ten thutlukna an lo siam tawhte i han chhui zui lawk teh ang aw.

Mizo Customary Law lamin a sawi dan chuan, saphun chungchang hi Mizo hnam hrang hrangte inkarah chauh, chhan tam tak avanga saphun theih a tih lam chu kan thlur tel lo ang.

Thu kamkeuna

India ram hi hnam leh chi hrang tam tak awmna a nih ang bawkin sakhaw hrang tam tak betu awm khawmna a ni. Hindu zingah hnam leh chi ṭha (upper class) leh chi chhia leh hnuai hnung an inṭhen hlawk a, hnam hnufual Schedule Caste bakah backward class, Other Backward Class te an la awm bawk.

Tlangmi (tribal) tam tak an awm bawk a, heng tribal-te hi Hindu dana chi chhia leh ṭha thliarnain a huam ve loh avangin Scheduled Tribe tih an ni. He lam chu duhtawk phawt ang.

Tribal aṭangin Non-Tribal-ah inleh dan a awm em?

A chunga sawi tawh non-tribal aṭanga tribal-a inleh theihna dan a awm lo a, a ruka tribal hamṭhatna–reservation/quota duh vanga SC/ST certificate lo nei hi India rama state hrang hrangah an lo awm leh ṭhin. Hetianga tih hi Constitution of India hian a phal lo a, Supreme Court phei chu hetiang lo ti ru ṭhin lakah hian a duh rum hle a ni.

Constitution of India-ah hian tribal aṭanga non-tribal lama inleh theihna leh tribal nihna kalsan theihna chungchang (provision) pawh a awm lo. Kum 1950-a Scheduled Caste Order, Article 341(1) behchhana President of India-in state governor-te berâwn chunga Hindu sakhaw betu hnam hnufualte sakhaw danga an inpeka Scheduled Caste an nihna hloh leh kalsanna thu a ni a. Hindu sakhua angin sakhaw dangah chi inthliarna a awm ve loh vang a ni. Kum 1956-ah Parliament chuan Amendment hmangin Sikh sakhaw betu a huam lohna turin a siam ṭha a, kum 1990 khan Buddhist a huam lohna tur Constitution Amendment hmanga tih a ni leh a; tunah chuan Kristian leh Muslim chiah a huam ta a ni.

Chuvangin, India ram chhunga hnam hnufual Scheduled Caste zingah hian an hamṭhatna–reservation, quota kalsana sakhaw dang Kristian, Muslim sakhuaa inlehtir hi khirh tak a ni.

Sakhua thlak avangin hnam a thlak thei loh

Madras High Court chuan November 17, 2021 khan hemi chungchanga thutlukna pawimawh leh chhinchhiah tlak tak a tichhuak a. He Court order-in a sawi chu, mimalin a sakhaw biak lai thlakin sakhaw dangah inlet mah se, a hnam nihna (caste) a thlak thei lo, a ti. Madras High Court judge Justice SM Subramanium chuan, S. Paul Raj thubuai thehluh a ngaihtuahnaah he thutlukna hi a ti chhuak a ni. S. Paul Raj hi Adi Dravidar hnam Scheduled Caste a ni a, Hindu hmeichhia hnam hnufual (SC) ve tho nupuiah a nei a. Raj hi Kristianah a inpe a, Court-ah inter marriage certificate a dil a, he thil a dil rual hian Backward Class community certificate pek chhuah tel a ni.

Hemi chungchang hi Madras High Court-ah thlen a ni a, High Court chuan 'Hnam hrang inneih pawlh avangin hnam nihna (caste) thlak theih a ni lo,' tiin thutlukna a siam ta a ni (Live Law 25/11/21).

SC/ST ni lote hnam hnufualah an inlet thei lo

Supreme Court chuan thubuai hmingthang tak Anjan Kumar vs Union of India & Ors thubuaiah SC/ST ni lote’n caste certificate (SC/ST certificate) eng ang pawhin nei se, chu chu a lem leh a suak (bogus certificate) a ni, a ti. He thutlukna pawimawh tak hi Supreme Court Bench Justice HK Sema leh Justice Lakshman awmna chuan February 14, 2006 daih tawhah khan a tichhuak tawh a ni.

He thutlukna ang chuan, tribal hmeichhiain tribal ni lo pasal atan a neih aṭanga an fate chu tribal an ni thei lo a, engtikawng mahin Constitution of India-in tribal-te tan hamṭhatna (tribal concessions–quota and reservation) chi hrang hrang a pekte hi an hmuin an zen ve tur a ni lo, a ti.

Supreme Court ṭawngkam

"A person not belonging to the Schedule Caste or Scheduled Tribe claiming himself to be a member of such caste by procuring a bogus caste certificate is fraud on the Constitution of India."

Supreme Court hian a sawi zel dan chuan, Constitution of India Article 12 & 24 bawhchhiain caste certificate-te hi tih dan phung pangngai (routine manner) angin a diltu hnenah an dil avanga an nihna chhui chianna awm (proper verification) loin a pâwng a takin an hauhuk thei phak sem mai mai tur tur a ni lo, a ti (Such certificate should not be issued in a routine manner without proper verification of applicant's claims).

He thubuai hi Supreme Court of India-in a ngaihtuah chhan chu, mi pakhat, a hming Anjan Kumar, Bihar state chhunga Gaya khaw chhuak chu a nu Madhya Pradesh lam chhuak Oraon tribal hnam a ni a, a pa thung chu Hindu hnam ṭha Keyastha (upper caste) a ni thung. Anjan Kumar hian a nu tribal a nih avangin tribal certificate neiin kum 1993 khan UPSC-in Civil Services Examination a buatsaihah tribal nihna angin Indian Information Service (IIS)-ah a tling a. Mahse, hna thawh tur pek a nih tak loh avangin Supreme Court-ah chumi chungchang chu a khing a, he thutlukna hi Supreme Court chuan a tichhuak ta a ni. A chipchiara chhiar duh tan a hnuaia website tarlan aṭang hian chhiar theih a ni e–indiankanoon.org.

HEI VE THUNG HI

1. Mizoram chhunga caste certificate kan pek chhuah dan hi kan fimkhur tawk hleah i ngai em?
2. Mizoram chhunga hna chi hrang hrang thawk tur MPSC, etc ten an lakah hian tribal ni lo tribal certificate lo nei an awm ṭhin ang em?
3. Mizoram chhunga kohhran hrang hrangte hian hnam dang tribal ni ve lo Mizoram chhunga awmte ringtua kan siam hian Mizo hming, hnam hming te kan saksak fo mai a, hei pawh hi nakin zela pawi thei a ni. An hnam an nihna ang angin Pathian chu ring ve hle hle mai rawh se. Tih-Mizo kher hi ṭul kan ti em? Hnam dang Kristian-a inlet, non-Mizo evangelist, etc zingah Mizo zinga tuitlakna atan Mizo hming leh hnam nei an awm nual–Jalal Uddin Ralte, etc.
4. Schedule Tribe ni lo Mizoram chhunga hna thawka awm Central Govt, State Govt, PSU, PSB, etc hnuaia thawkte zingah an fate tan nakin hnua an hamṭhatna turin tribal certificate lo nei khiau hi a awm theih ang em?
5. Zirna in hrang hrangte hian an zirlaite anga mi tu emaw testimonial pek hi an fimkhur hle a ngai. Hmân deuh tawhah khan Delhi lam mi pakhat chu thil sual a tih avangin National Investigation Agency (NIA)-in an man a, Mizo hming leh hnam hmingin ram dang zin theihna lehkha (passport) a lo neih bakah, Mizoram chhunga college pakhat (Aizawl pawn lam)-a zir ṭhin a nihna testimonial certificate a lo nei reng bawk.
6. Mizo tlangvalin hnam dang nula nupuia a neihin a fate chu danah sawi buai theih awm miah loin Mizo an ni nghal. Mizo nulain hnam dang pasal atan a neihin, a fate chu Constitution of India-in a nu hnam ang Mizo hnam (tribal) an nih a phalsak loh avangin tribal hamṭhatna an dawng thei lo a, an pasal te lek phei chu sawi thu a chêng lo zawk hial a ni.
7. Fa atan lak (adoption)-in a huam hauh loh hnam dang ṭhan kin vek tawh mahni fa anga lo chhiar te, an hming hnam hming chena lo phuahsak zel hi eng dan mahin a phalsak theihna lai a awm lo tih hriat a ngai. Hetiang thil tih lo hriatpuitute hi Mizo pawi an sawi bakah, sorkar hnathawk, NGO, etc te pawh dan bawhchhia an ni tih hriat a ṭul.

NOTE: He thu hi December 31, 2021-a ka ziah tawh siam ṭhat zeuh zeuh a ni e.