Dan rorelna

R. Laltanpuia, Advocate

'Democracy' sawrkar hi mipuite'n nuam kan tih a, kan duh em em chhan chu mipui siam sawrkar a nihna piah lamah, a hnuaia dan inzamte hi a chipchiarin a fair em em a, mihring dikna chanvo (human rights) inpalzut sakna veng thei tur a inphan tuak mai a ni. India ram pawh 'democracy' kan nih angin dan a lal ber a, a chungah tumah an awm thei lo. Danin ro a rel tur a ni a, kan Constitution kalhin eng dan mah siam a thiang lo a, engmah tih a thiang hek lo.

'Rule of Law' kengkawh tur chuan kan sawrkar chu lungphum pathum, Legislature, Judiciary leh Executive-ah then hran a ni a, chu chu ‘Separation of Powers’ tih a ni. Kan hriat angin Legislature chu dan siamtute an ni a, mipuite mamawh dan an siam thin. Chung Legislature kan tih ho chu kan MLA leh MP te hi an ni.

Judiciary chuan dan chu an lo hrilhfiah ang a, danin a tum ang takin ro a lo rel tur a ni. Chung Judiciary kan tihte chu Court-a roreltu Judge/Magistrate leh Ukil te hi an ni. Executive chu dan kengkawhtute an ni a, Legislature-in dan an lo siam leh Judiciary-in dan anga ro a lo rel chu an kengkawh tur a ni. Chung Executive kan tihte chu Governor, Chief  Secretary, DC/SDO(C), Police, Excise, Secretary leh a dang dangte hi an ni. Heng lungphum pathumte hi a parallel-in an kal tur a ni a, thuneitu bik leh lal bik an awm lo a, an thuneihna chinah theuh midang an inrawlhin, an inkal thelh tur a ni lo.

Kan ramah hian ‘separation of powers’ hi a nihna ang hian kan la kalpui lo hle niin a lang. Kan Legislature zinga mi heng kan Chief Minister, Speaker, Minister, MLA, MP leh a dangte hi lal lurh bik niin kan hria a, Judiciary leh Executive lam hi an thuhnuaiah dahin, an kaiphar vel thei niin kan ngai a, hei hi kan ramah chuan a dikna chen pawh a awmin a lang. Chumi awmzia chu kan Minister, MLA leh MP te hian Court chungah thuneih tumin, ‘chuti chuan lo ti rawh u, chumi chu lo chhuah rawh u’ tiin Court rorelna huangah an inrawlh tur a ni lo a, Court pawhin a thuneihna huang pelin Legislature emaw Executive rorelna huangah a inrawlh tur a ni lo. Hei hi kan democracy kalphung pel a ni a, kan dan innghahna kalh a ni.

India dan innghahna lungphum pawimawh em em pakhat chu ‘Khuarel dikna chanvo’ (Principles of Natural Justice) an tih hi a ni. He dan awmzia chu ‘mi a thiamthu sawitir hmasa zet loh chuan, thiam loh chantir tur a ni lo’ (No person shall be condemned unheard) tih a ni. Tualthattu emaw pawngsualtua puh emaw pawh ni se, a thiamthu emaw a dinhmun emaw a harsatna emaw sawina hun chu Court-in a pe ngei tur a ni a, a pek loh chuan Court chuan dan a bawhchhia tihna a ni. Tin, pawikhawihtu chu Court-in pawi a khawih ngei a ni tih chiang taka a finfiah hma chuan pawi sawi lo anga ngaih tur a ni tiin kan dan hian a sawi bawk. Mi a thil tihsual avanga thiam loh chantir tur chuan, a tisual ngei a ni tih rinhlelhna chhe te pawh awm lovin, Court-in a finfiah tur a ni (Guilty shall be proved beyond reasonable doubt) tih hi kan dan lungphum a ni bawk.

Tualthattu emaw Pawngsualtua puhte hian Police hmaah an tih ngei a ni tih puang eng ang mah se, Court-a a inpuanna chauh lo chu thutlinga ngaih tur a ni lo tiin Indian Evidence Act-ah a inziak a. Chumi awmzia chu Police hmaa an inpuanna chu thiam loh channa khawp a tling lo. Hei hi a chhan nia lang chu, Police hlauh avangin miin a tih miah loh ti anga a insawi theih vang a ni awm e. Hemi awmzia chu kan chanchinbu lamin thil tizualtua puh, Police hnena a inpuan avanga ‘thil tisualtu hriat chhuah a ni ta’ an tih thinte pawh, dan mit atanga thlir chuan la finfiah tur chauh a ni a, chu an mi puh pawh chu pawi sawi lo ena en a la ngai a ni.

India dan hian pawi khawih miah lo, pawi khawih anga thiam loh chantir hi a hlau hle a, mihring nun a tichhe vek thei a ni tih a hriat avangin a fimkhur hle. Mithiamin an sawi dan phei chuan, kan dan hian misual 99 chhuah zalen ai chuan, mi dik pakhat thiam loh chantir hi a hlau zawk a ni an ti hial reng a ni. Eng anga pawi khawihna lian pawha inhnamhnawih pawh ni se la, Court hmaa Ukil-in a dinpui a, a thiamthu a sawi ve chu a dikna chanvo a ni. Court of Session chin chauhin thubuai a khawih theih chin, kum 7 aia tam tan theihnaah phei chuan, thubuai neitu chu Ukil-in a dinpui ngei ngei tur a ni a, Ukil rawihna tur pawisa pawh nei lo mah se, Court chuan sawrkar sensoin Ukil a rawihsak ngei ngei tur a ni. Ukil-in a dinpui loha Court-in a thubuai a ngaihtuah a nih chuan, dan bawhchhiat na a ni.

Mi thubuai nei, bail-a an chhuah thin chungchangah pawh hian, hriat fuh loh deuh kan nei niin a lang. Bail chungchangah kan dan hian thil pahnih a sawi a, chu chu Bailable Offence leh Non-bailable Offence a ni. Bailable Offence-ah chuan thubuai neitu chu bail-a chhuah ngei ngei tur a ni a, Court pawhin bail-a a chhuah theihna chu a dal thei lo. Heta Bailable offence kan tih chuan, kum 3 aia tlem chauh tan theih pawi khawihna hi niin Cr.PC huan a sawi.

Non-Bailable Offence chungchang hi mi tam takin kan hre thelh deuh thin:Non-Bailable Offence a nih avanga bail-a chhuah miah loh tur tihna ni lovin, bail-a chhuah chungchang chu Court thu a ni a, chhan leh vang a awm chuan Court-in bail-in a chhuah thei tihna  a ni. He Non-Bailable Offence hi Bailable Offence nen a danglamna chu, Non-bailable offence-ah chuan thubuai neitu chuan bail-a chhuah chu a dikna chanvo a ni ve lo a, a right angin a claim thiang lo. Non-Bailable Offence kan tih hian, kum 3 aia tam tantir theih thubuaite hi niin Cr.PC chuan a sawi.

Court-in thubuai neitu hi bail-a a chhuah hian chhan hrang hrang vangin a chhuah thin. Police/Excise-in thubuai an chhui a, hun tiam chhunga an chhui zawh hman loh a, charge-sheet an thehluh hman loh avang te, mi an man leh thil an man chungchanga dan anga an tih loh chungchangah te, thubuai neitu hriselna leh chhungkaw dinhmun avang te, Court-in chargesheet a ena thiam loh chang dawn chuanga a hriat avang te leh chhan hrang hrang vangin thubuai neitu chu bail-in a chhuah thin. Court-in mi bail-a a chhuah hian bail-a an chhuah a chu a tlanbo lohna turin thu-delh-kilh (bond) an siamtir a, an tlanboa sawrkara pawisa an chawi tur cheng emaw zat dahkham tirin emaw, an tlanbo palha bail-a la chhuaktuin pawisa eng emaw zat an chawi turin emaw, pawisa chawi tur a neih loha a bail-tu tantir theihna turin thu an delh-kilh thin.

Court-in thubuai nei bail-a a chhuah hian, thubuai neitu chu a fihlim a, thiam a chang ta tihna a ni lo a. Jail-a tang kher loin a thubuai ngaihtuah tur a ni a, Court hmaah a hun ruatah zel a inlan tur a ni a, a inlan lo a nih chuan man leh theih a ni a, a thubuaiah thiam loh a chan chuan Jail-a tantira pawisa chawitir theih a ni. India dan chuan thil tisualtu chu a tihsual anga hrem lam ni lovin, a nun siamthat lam hi a tum zawk chu a ni. Kan jail-te pawh inhremna hmun ni lovin, insiamthatna hmun a ni tur a ni. Nimahsela, he thil hi a taka hman a har hle niin a lang a, a bikin Mizorama kan Jail angah phei hi chuan kan kalpui lo hle niin a lang. India khawpui Delhi-a Tihar Jail tih velah khu chuan an kalpui tha viau a, Jail atangin mi tam takin an chhuah huna thawh tur hnate hmuin, kut themthiamna leh hmasawnna kawng hrang hrangah an tangkaipui hle a ni.

Mizote hian heti ang dan chipchiar, mihring dikna chanvo humhalh tha leh dan fair em em mai kan nei chung hian, dan rorelna hi kan duh khawp lo hle niin a lang a. Tualthat, pawngsual, ruihhlo zuar leh pawi dang dang khawihtu nia kan hriatte hi thiam loh chantir mang loa chhuak zung zung a, hrem mang loha chhuak zung zung niin kan hria a, hmun thenkhatah phei chuan mahnia thuneihna lo lek kawh a, pawi khawihtu nia kan hriatte kut lo thlak a, sawisa hlum hial thawm hriat tur a awm thin. Hei hi thil pawi tak a ni a, dan kan hriat loh vang mai mai a ni. Dan bawhchhiatna leh pawi khawihna kan duh loh lai a, pawi khawihtu nia kan hriat chunga dan bawhchhiaa pawi khawih ve kher hi, chhe chhawnga te vai dawr an sawi ang chauh a ni.

Heti anga thubuai neite an chhuak zung zung leh hrem an ni lo thin nia kan hriat chungchangah hian, keini hian mawhphurhna sang tak kan nei ve tih hi kan hriat a tha awm e. Ruihhlo zuartu nia kan hriatte chu a man lam hi kan phur vak a, dan anga hrem an nih theihna tura Court-a kan thu hriatte sawi lam chu kan ngaihsak leh si lo.

Tin, ruihhlo kawltute thiam loh chantira dan anga hrem an nih theihna tur hian, a man dan chungchangah te, an thil man sawngbawl chungchangah te, thubuai kalpui a nih chungchangah leh thil hrang hrangah danin thubuai siamsaktute’n an zawm ngei ngei tur, an zawm loha thubuai neitu chhuah zalen mai tur a nih thute a sawi teuha chung chu kan zawm hram hram tur a ni. Kan rama ruihhlo kan man thin dan chu tlang hriat a ni a, kan ti deuh bawrh bawrh niin a lang. Chu mai bakah, tlawmngai pawlte hmalakna thenkhat hi sawrkarin a thlawp ve chauh niin a langa a zia lo khawp mai. Sawrkar hmalakna hi tlawmngai pawlte hian thlawp ta zawk se, a chunga kan harsatna tam tak hi chu a kiam ngei ang.

Tualthahna leh pawngsualna thleng chungchangah pawh, kan thu hriat ang angte Court-a sawi hi kan ngai pawimawh leh si lo lai hi kan mu tan chu a ni. Mizote hian Court hi kan tihkhai tlat niin a lang a, thubuai thehluttu nih emaw an khina emaw nih chu kan hreh ngawih ngawih thin. Consumer (mi thil leh rawngbawlna leitu) kan nihna kawnga kan dikna chanvo pawh hi kan haichhuak tha peih meuh lo.

 Thil chhia kan lei pawhin, awlsam taka District Forum-a zualko theih a ni tih kan hre reng chungin, kan phun lungawi mai mai thin. Vaiho erawh chuan Train Ticket inpek thuah chungchangah mai mai pawh an dikna haichhuak turin District Forum-ah an zualko peih a, an dikna chanvo bawhchhiatsak hi a hlauhawm zek zek a ni. Keini ve chuan kan dikna chanvo haichhuah lam kan ngaihthah avang hian, sumdawngtute tan pawh kan zuam zawm zek zek a ni si.

In  luah hawh chungchangah pawh, in neitute hian an nawm an makin a luah man an chhiar vak vak a, an duh hun hunah a man an san thin. Ka in leh lo tihtur nei ve lote chuan an tuar tlawk tlawk mai niin a lang. Hemi chungchang ah hian Mizoram UT kan nih lai daih tawh khan, Mizoram Urban Areas Rent Control Act tih chu siam a lo ni tawh a. Chu dan chuan in luah man bithliah chungchang te, a luah man tihsan chungchang te, in neitu leh luah-hawhtu mawhphurhna te, a luah man hmuh let dan te, in luah atanga inchhuahtir chungchang leh a repair dan kawng hrang hrang a sawi teuh a ni. Nimahsela, tu mah hian he dan hi hman tangkai nachang kan hre lo a, he dan hnuaia Court thleng ta sawi tur pawh hi an vang khawp mai. Kan hetih vang hian in neitute hian an duh zat zat a luah man chhiarin, an duh ang angin min bawlzan a, in leh lo nei ve lo ta fam chuan a man toa kan luah a tul tho si a ni.

A hmaa kan sawi tawh angin, mipui sawrkar hi nuam kan tiha tha kan tih em em chhan chu dan anga rorelna sorkar a nih vang a ni. Pawi nasa tak khawihtu pawh ni se, dan hnuaiah dikna a la nei ve tho a, chu chu kan palzutsak thiang lo tih kan hriat a tha awm e. Sual hi dan angin a do theih a, dan hnuaiah nuam leh ralmuang takin a awm theih a, chuti lo zawnga kan kal chuan a tuartu tur chu keimahni bawk kan ni.

Court pakhatin pawi khawihtu nia kan hriat a lo chhuah zalen nia kan hriat pawhin, a aia sang zelah a kal theih a, chuti anga hmala tur chuan sawrkar hi kan ngen thei. Court pakhat thutlukna avang ringawtin thu a tawp tihna a ni lo a, High Court leh Supreme Court thlengin kan zualko theihna kawng hawn a ni. Heng zawng zawng kan zawh hnuah zawng, kei chuan Justice kan hmuh theih tha ber chu kan hmuin ka ring tlat a ni.