K.Remruatfela
Editor - 'Dan Hriatna' Legal Journal.
Kum 1947-a India ramin Kumpinu awpbehna hnuai ata zalenna a lo hmuh a, India Danpui thar duan a lo nih khan Government of India Act, 1935 hnuaia ‘Excluded Area’ leh ‘Partially Excluded Area’-a awm North East Tribal te chu Assam Province hnuaiah self-autonomy (mahnia ro inrel hran theihna) pek vek tho an ni a. India Danpui-a Art. 242 (2) in a sawi angin heng North East Tribal te inrelbawlna dan hi India Danpuia, VI Schedule an tihah tarlan a ni.
VI Schedule hnuaia Tribal area te hi a tirah chuan ‘Backward Tract’ ti-a hriat lar an ni a. Kumpinu Sawrkarin Burmese a tukdawl a, kum 1826-a Yandaboo hmuna Inremna a siampui atang khan heng Tribal area te hi a hmuchhuak a. He Yandaboo inremna hi Kumpinu Sawrkarin North East Tribal te min awpkhawmna atana mellung pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Chuta tang chuan chawplehchilha Assam Province la nghalin, Bengal Province chhungah min senglut ta a.
Amaherawhchu, February, 1874 khan Bengal Lt. General in a awpna ata la chhuakin Chief Commissioner hona hnuaiah Assam Province rorelna hran siam thar a ni a. Hemi kum vek, April thla hian Scheduled District Act 1874 duan a ni bawk a. Assam Province pumpui chu ‘Scheduled District’ ah puan nghal a ni.
Kum 1880 khan Assam Frontier Tracts Regulation, 1880 siam a ni a. Chumi Act in a phalsak angin Scheduled District huamchhung pumpuiah chuan Chief Commissioner in tha a tih angin ro a rel thin a. Kum 1898-a Sir Montague leh Sir Chelmsford tangdunin report an siam, Montague-Chelmsford report an tih maiah chuan heng Scheduled District-a awm te dinhmun hi ngunthluk lehzuala ngaihtuah tan a ni a.
Montague-Chemlsford Report in a rawtna tihhlawhtlinna turin India Act of 1919-a Sec 52 (A) chuan Governor-General chu British-India huamchhunga a duh lai laia ‘Backwrad Tract’-a puang turin thuneihna a pe a. Governor General chuan thuneihna a neih angin January ni 3, 1921 khan Assam Province pumpui chu ‘Backward Tract’ ah puan a ni.
Hengte hi ‘Backward Tract’ atana puante chu an ni:
(a) The Garo Hills District
(b) The British portions of Khasi & Jaintia Hills District other than the Shillong Municipality and Cantonment
(c) The Mikir Hills (in Nowgong and Sibsagar Districts)
(d) The North Cachar Hills (in Cachar Districts)
(e) The Naga Hills District
(f) The Lushai Hills District
(g) The Sadiya Frontier Tract.
(h) The Balipara Frontier Tract
(i) The Lakhimpur Frontier Tract
Government of India Act, 1935 duan a nih khan heng ‘Backward Tract’ a puante hi ‘Excluded Area’ leh ‘Partially Excluded Area’ ti-a hming thlak an ni a. Assam Governor chuan a hranpa ngatin min awp a, Governor aiawhin Superintendent-in Dictator-in min awp ta a. Assam MLA ho Dan siamte chu hnam lo changkang tawh zawkte mila siam anih thin avangin, chungte laka min humhim nan chuan Superintendent (Bawrhsap) in Mizorama hman ve a rem tih chinte chauh loh chu kan hmang ve ngai lo a ni.
India a lo independent khan heng Tribal te hi a bik taka venhimna la pek chhunzawm zel an ni a. An inrelbawlna dan tur zawng zawng hi India Danpuia Schedule parukna (Sixth Schedule) ah khung vek a ni.
Sixth Schedule hi thenkhat chuan Danpui te (Mini Constitution) ti pawhin an sawi thin a. North East tribal zawng zawngte rorelna bung hrang a chipchiara tarlanna hmun a nih vang pawh a ni awm e. He Sixth Scheduled hnuaia Tribal area te chu ‘Autonomous District Council’ hran pek vek an ni a. Heng Autonomoous sawrkar hian an hnam dan leh anmahni pual bil inrelbawlnaah thuneihna nasa tak an nei a. Parliament leh Legislative Assembly ten an dan siam rem rem President leh Governor te chuan tha an tih ang leh an duh angin Autonomous District Council chhung bika hman turin an siamrem emaw an hnawl emaw thei a . Tin, subject thenkhatah phei chuan Assam Legislative Assembly in a dan siam reng reng chu District Council huamchhunga hmang turin District Council Sawrkarte remtihna lak hmasak ngaihna tam tak a awm a ni.
Chuvangin, Sixth Schedule hi North East tribal ten an identity emaw an culture emaw an sakhua emaw humhim tura India Danpuiin mak tak maia min duhsakna a ni a tih loh theihloh.
*Endnote:*
- Samantha Syiem, “Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution: A Boon or a Bane for Tribal Development?” in Nationalizing Crises – The Political Economy of Public Policy in Contemporary India, edited by Babhani Shankar Nayak, (New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2007), 208
- B.L. Hansaria, Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, (New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd., 2010), 3, 3rd. Edition (Hereafter will be cited as ‘Sixth Schedule to the Constitution’)
- ‘The Assam Frontier Tracts Regulation, 1880’ hi Appendix - No V ah tarlan a ni.
- Sixth Schedule to the Constitution’, 4 & 5
- J.K Das, Human Rights & Indigenous Peoples, (New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, 2001), 163
- Suresh Kant Sharma & Ushant Sharma, Discovery of North-East India, (New Delhi, Mittal Publications, 2005), 200, 8th. Edition.
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