Temami Pa thukhawchang (Hydro Power Development Policy)

R.Lalrinkima, Hidden Lodge, Chanmari

Ka zing inkhel haw leh Temami Pa zing ṭawngṭai inkawm bang kan innang hlauh mai a, thingpui ina tunlai a thukhawchang ngaithla tur chuan an inah min hruai lut a. Ṭhuthmun kan rem ṭan pah chuan a ti ti ṭan mawlh mawlh a. Tunlai electric kan neih ṭhat tawhzia leh ṭhangkhat lian liam ta mai nena kan changkan tawhzia min hrilh hnu chuan, ‘fur laia hnathawktute hah dan leh ruahpui vanawn leh thlipui kara an thawhrim zia hi I hria em?

Turial Dam

Khawpui chhungah hian electric kan mamawhna hi a sang em em a, chutah electric hrui kalna tur hmun a awm mang lo mai niloin hrui thlunna tur ban phunna tur pawh chu a vang ta em em a. Chumaipawh a la ni lo, transformer-electric supply lo dawnga semdarh lehtu dahna te hi department lu ti hai khawp hian a vang ta, hetichung hian eng han thim hlek se ‘sihal zanrei u’ ang mai hian kan bengchheng nghal a. Chutih karah khawchhunga power supply buaina awm se a siamṭhatute hi riltam ve thei an ni tih hrereng hian a chhe lai an siamna bulah ring kan lo fan ve vak vak a, ei tur pek nachang lah chu kan hre lo leh tlat bawk ṭhin a. Engpawhchunise kan inchhunga bulb/tube pakhat eng tura hnathawh ngai a tam zia hi electric khawl an bunna hmun ka tlawh ve tawh avangin ka hrechiang ve teh mai asin.

Thingtlang lam unaute leh khaw­puimite hma kan sawnna a kairual theih nan kawngpui sial ut ut a ni a, chutiang bawkin India sawrkar chuan power supply hian hmun kilkhawr zawk a thlen ngeina turin policy a zam chamchi bawk a. Uluk deuhin lo ngaithla teh, tunhma deuha India sawrkarin power supply lama hma kan sawnna tura ngaihtuahna a sen hi ka han hrilh ang che, tukṭhuan ei hma chuan ka sawi zo hman ang’ a ti a. ‘E, thingpuite hi in phawt ila han sawi teh tak teh’ ka ti a, thingpui in zawh chuan a han chhunzawm ta a.

“Tun hnuah hian sawrkar laipui hian engtiangin nge ngaihtuahna a sen thar ka hre chiah lo nain ka hriat chin hi chu a danglam vakin ka ring lo, policy a zam ka hriat hian ka han sawi ṭan ang e.

“National Hydro Power Development Policy lo chhuah dan - A hmasain Hydro Power Project chungchang hi tlemin sawifiah leh lawk teh ang :-

Mi tam zawkin kan hriatdan chuan ‘Hydel Project’ kan ti mai a. Kum 10 chuang kaltaah khan he chanchinbuah hian ka tarlang tawh nain kan han sawi nawn leh lawk ang e. Hydel tiha ‘Hyd’ hi Hydro a hawrawp hmasa pathum ‘Hyd’ hi lak an ni a, ‘el’ thung hi chu Electric tiha hawrawp bul pahnih lak an ni thung. Tichuan Hydel chu Hydro Electric tih lamtawi a ni ta ber e. A awmzia chu ‘tui tha chakna hmanga electric siamchhuah’ tihna a ni mai. Lui luang lai chu khuapin luimawng lamah pipe lianpuiin tuikhuaha tui chu la thlain electric siamna khawl a khawh vir a, electric eng kan lo hmu ta a ni (tihian a mawl thei ang berin kan fiah tlang awm e). Tin, Lui hi khuap luau kher loin Lui tui lakpenna tur hmunah lui vangtan zawngin luimawng chu feet 5 vela thuk, feet 3 vela zau-in laih khuar a ni a, tahchuan lui luanglai chu an lut dial a, chu tui lo lut chu tlang pangperah pipe hmangin lak pen daih a ni a, electric siamna khawl an khawh vir tir ṭhin bawk (hetiang hi N.Vanlaiphai bula Maicham Stage-II leh Khuangthing khaw bula Tlawva Small Hydel Project te hi Mizorama kan neihte an ni).”

“India ramah hian Hydro Power siamna tur hi kan neih ṭhat ngaihtuahin harsatna hrang hrang vangin kan siam chak lo em em a. Power siamchhuah theihna tura kan neih 100-a 44 vel chauh 1970 ah khan kan siam laiin 1998 ah phei chuan 100-a 25 chauh mai siamin kan hnungtawlh duai mai a. Khawvel pum huap ang pawhin 2013-a 43GW (43000 MW) siamchhuah tawh chu 2017 ah 25GW(25000MW) in a belh hram chauh a. Thiamna te a san mek laiin chu thiamna sang hnuk kal tura power mamawh siamchhuah erawh chu a sang thei si lo a, ram hruaitute rilru a buai ta map mai. Thermal Power Plant leh Hydro Power plant te hian duhthusamah chuan 40(Hydro) : 60(Thermal) ratio hi ni se an ti a. (100MW siam ni se, Hydro Power hian 40MW chang se la, 60 MW hi Thermal Plant in chang se tihna a ni). A chhan chu Thermal Plant hian Fuel leh Coal hmangin power an siamchhuak tlangpui a, sik leh sa lamah harsatna thlen tur ven reng ngai anih bakah power siamchhuahna atana a mamawh tuialhthei leh lungalhthei hian tawp chin nei thei tur an nih avangin Hydro Power hian nghaihven a hlawh em em a ni.

Thermal leh Hydro Power inchawih tawk tura mithiamte duhthusam khi nasa takin phak a ni lo a, kum 2008 ah khan power siamchhuah nana an inpawlhdan chu 23(Hydro): 60(Thermal) a ni a, Hydro hi kang tura beisei anih lain 2018 ah chuan 13:64 niin kum 10 chhungin Thermal lam a kang dawrh mai si a. 1995 vel chhoa Hydro Power siamchhuah hnungtawlh tlat mai chuan sawrkar laipui ngeng a chhun ta ngaih mai a, 1997 ah ‘Committee on Hydro Power’ tih chu a din ta a. He Committee hian uluk taka thil an zirchian hnuah Hydro Power siamchhuah-in hma a sawn theih nana ruahmanna(recommendation) an siam chu sawrkar laipuiah thehlutin 26/8/98 khan India sawrkar chuan pawmpuina a ti chhuak ta a, chu chu ‘Hydro Power Development Policy’ chu a ni ta.”

“He Hydro Power Development Policy (HPDP) ruahmanna hi a tlangpuiin han tarlang ila:-

1. India ramchhunga Hydro Power siamchhuahna remchang(potential) kan neih, a bikin India hmar leh hmarchhak lama mi te hi a tam thei ang bera kan siamchhuah theih nana chak taka hmalak te,

2. Small leh Mini Hydel Project te siam remchanna hmun hmunah siam an nih theih nana chak taka hmalak te,

3. Public Sector Units/State Electricity Boards ten Hydro Power development atana hma chak taka an lak theih nana thuam ṭhat leh puih te,

4. Mi mal/Private Enterpreneurs te Hydro power siambelh na tur lama hma an lak theih nana kawng hawnsak te an ni tlangpui a.

Khing ruahmanna te khi a puitlin theih nan HPDP chuan tiang hian kawng hawnsak ni se an ti a:-

a) Hnathawhna tur atan Central leh State sawrkara fund ngaihtuah sak te

b) Luipui dung sei tak, a fintu te zawng zawng nena fur laia an sapatal vel lo khuahkhirtute hnena power siamchhuah theih tura hma la tura thuneihna pek te (he mi awmzia chu Brahmaputra Lui, India hmarchhak suartluantu, amah fintu Lui lian zawng zawngte fur tuilen laia luikam an suasam vak vak loh nana tuikhuah siama luipui tui luang lo control paha Hydro Power siamchhuah nana hmalak tir a ni)

c) 10th Plan hnulama chak taka Hydro Power siamchhuak tura hmalak te leh

d) Hydro Power siamchhuah nana Survey & Investigation thawh leh Detailed Project Report(DPR) siam thin State Electricity Board bakah Central Water Commission(CWC) te, Brahmaputra Board te, National Hydro Power Corporation(NHPC) te Power Development Fund hmanga ṭanpui te an ni.

Hydro Power siamchhuah tam anih theih nana ruahmanna siam anih bakah chu ruahmanna chu chak taka kalpui anih theih dan turte kawng zawn a ni a. Chu kawng zawn chuan awmzia mumal tak a neih theih nan hmathlir te pawh hetiang hian siam a nghal a:-

i) Planning Commission hnena State Plan allocation siam laia hydro project siam na tura fund allocation dah theih dan kawng dap te,

ii) Survey & Investigation, sum harsatna avanga kum 3 aṭanga kum 5 vel chawlhsan tawh vanga DPR siam pamtul ta te chu fund te ngaihtuah saka thar thawh leh mai bakah DPR hlui tawh hmalak chhunzawm loh te ennawn leh ni se tih te,

iii) Luipui ruama lui hrang hrang luipui fintu zawng zawng hydro power siam theihna tura Map aṭanga scheme 845 zet (conventional/tihdan phung pangngaia) hydro power siam theih nana Survey & Investigation tih bakah heng schemes aṭanga hmun 56 zeta Pumped Storage (khawlin electric siam nana tui a hman tawhte lo khawl khawm a, tuikhuahpui-a tui pump let leh theih) te thlur bing te,

iv) Ministry of New & Renewable Energy in 3MW chin Small Hydro Project, Environment Clearance ngailoa thawh theih ṭhin atih te chu 25MW thlenga Small Hydro Project-a puan thar te,

v) State ṭhenkhat, an ṭhenawm State te nena Lui inṭawm, eng engemaw harsatna an tawh vanga project kalpui theih loh te kalpui theih dan ngaihtuah te,

vi) Project thar din/siam aia awlsam leh hun heh lo, tlawm bawk si-a Project hlui tawh tunlai zawka tuaithar leh te an ni.( Mizoram ah pawh he thuthlukna hmang hian Maicham-I MHP, Tuipang SHP, Tuirivang MHP, Teirei SHP(power a pe chhuak leh tawh) te pawh cheiṭhat/thuamṭhat mek an ni. [MHP=Mini-Hydel Project : 3MW tlinglo chin, SHP=Small Hydel Project:3 MW chin, mahse khita kan sawi ang khian SHP pawh 25MW thleng huam tir an ni tawh]

Project lian pui pui, Small Hydel Project chunglam ho chu dah ṭhain India sawrkar chuan Small Hydel Project 25MW chin leh a hnuailam bik chak taka hmalak anih theih nan MINISTRY OF NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY(MNRE)(Small Hydro Power Division) chu a din a. He Ministry hian an tum bulpui ber chu-

a) Thingtlang kilkhawr zawka khawtlang nun a lo changkan theih nana power siamchhuah sak te,

b) Detailed Project Report (DPR) siam thlenga Survey & Investigation hna thawh a, Power siamchhuah theih Capacity hrang hrang tana pawisa faia a thlawna ṭanpuina pekchhuah theih dan a hnuaia mi ang hian an bituk a:-

(i) Rs 6.00 lakh , 1 MW leh a hnuailam

(ii) Rs 10.00 lakh, 1MW aṭanga 25 MW thleng

(50% sanctioned amount hi a tirah pek niin a la bang hi expenditure statement te, Utilisation Statement leh DPR copy 2(hnih) nen Ministry lama thehluh hnuah pekchhuah leh ṭhin a ni.

c) Project siam nana pawisa a thlawna ṭanpuina pek theih dan hetiang hian a duang bawk-

Rs 75,000.00 hi KW khat zel siam nan a pe a, (Rs 7.50 Cr per MW tihna anih chu: 2 MW siamchhuak thei khawl bun nan Rs 15.00 Cr tihna a ni a, a chunglam zel pawh MW tinah Rs 7.50 Cr belh chhoh zel a ni mai) Mahse, hetah hian MW sang tak pe chhuak thei khawl bun dawnin a zawng a zain pawisa chu pek theih a ni bik lo a, a thlawna pawisa pekchhuah theih chin hi Rs 20.00 Cr emaw a aia hniam emaw thleng a ni thung. Hemi awmzia chu 3MW chinah chuan Rs 22.50 Cr tur nimahse Rs 20.00 Cr chinah a rek bung ang.

Ka han tarlan tak khi scheme hrang hranga MNRE(Small Hydro Division) in sum faia ṭanpuina leh puihna a pek theih ṭhin a ni a. Sawrkar laipui, Gov’t of India in 2022 chhunga he Ministry hnuaia hmachhawp(target) a neihte sawi leh zuai teh ang hmiang-

Rampum huapin 175GW (1,75,000 MW ) hi a hmachhawp chu a ni a, chutah chuan Solar Power aṭangin 100 GW (1,00,000 MW) a ni hem mai a, Wind Power aṭangin 60 GW (60,000 MW) a ni bawk a. Hydel Project chu a hnuhnung berah niin 10GW(10,000MW) chu Biomas aṭanga siamchhuah tum a ni bawk a, Hydel Power ve thungah chuan 5GW (5,000 MW) a ni thung (GW = GigaWatt). Hydel Power chan hi a tlem kan ti mai thei a, Hydel Power Plant pakhat hi 25MW aiin a sang thei si lo a, chuvang 25MW chin angah dah ta ila Hydel Power Plant 200 din theihna tur a ni a, 10MW chin anih phei chuan 500 projects a awm thei dawn a, a aia te a la nih zel pawhin power plant kan ngah thei hle tihna a ni ta a ni.”

“Hengte hi kan ṭhalaite hian lo bengkhawn teh u, Central aṭanga Hydro Power siamchhuah tam theihna tur atana kawng zau taka hawn mek hi in lo bawhpelh palh ang tih ka hlau teh mai ania” tiin tukthuan ei tur chuan kan inthen ta a.