Paul Lalremsanga
Research Scholar, Mizoram University
Hriatthiam a har thin em avangin a awlsam thei ang berin han sawi tum ila. Kyoto Protocol hi ram hrang hrangten green house gas (GHG) an pek chhuah tam lutuk, a ti tlem tur leh hemi kawnga inkhuahkhirh nana inremna thuthlung an siam hi a ni.
Kyoto Protocol hi 11th Dec. 1997 khan Kyoto, Japanah siam a ni a, 16th Feb 2005 a hman tan a ni. Kyoto Protocol thil tum ber chu ram changkang (Sap ram kan tih mai) tena an ram hmasawn nana hma an lakna kal zela boruak chhia an pek chhuah thin ti ziaawm tura hmalakna a ni. Green house gas (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs leh PCFs) hi sik leh sa inthlak nasa lutuka a mawhphurtu ber te zinga mi a ni a, hetiang gas ram changkang leh hausa zawkten an pek chhuah hnem lutuk avang hian Kyoto Protocol hi din a ni.
Hemi hnuaiah hian Developed/Industrialized countries (ram changkang) te chu boruak chhia an pek chhuah te tihniam turin khuahkhirhna dan a siam sak a, a khuahkhirh zat chu, kum 1990 a boruak chhia an lo pek chhuah tawh thin zat atanga chhutin, za zela 5.2% aia tam lo tur a ni.
Kyoto Protocol a hriat tur pawimawh zualte
Annex I : Annex I ah hian ram 43, Europe ram telin. Heng ramte hi ram changkang an ni.
Hei bakah hian ram 14 EITs (Economies in transition), tun hmaa Russia kan tih thin ram atanga indang (independent) te leh Europe khawchhak lamte an tel bawk. Heng ramte hi boruak chhia an pek chhuah ti tlem tura intiamte an ni.
Annex A : Annex A-ah hian green house gas (GHG) a chunga kan sawi takte khi tarlan a ni.
Annex B : Annex B ah hian Annex I ram tena GHS an pek chhuah zat tur an intiamna ziah lan a ni.
Annex II : Annex II ah hian, Annex I a ram zawng zawng leh Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ram 34 awmna tarlan a ni. Annex II ramho hian developing countries (ram thang mek, India pawh a tel) ten boruak chhia an pek chhuah hnem loh nan pawisa leh thiamna bik ngai ang chi reng rengah tanpuina a pe thin a ni.
Developing countries (ram thang mek) ho hian Annex I member nihna hi an ram an in todelh tak tak tawha an in hriat hunah an dil ve thei a ni.
Non - Annex I : Non - Annex I ah hian, Annex I a ram tarlan loh, ram rethei zualte ziah lan a ni. Least developed countries (LDC’s) : Ram rethei, hmasawn lo ram 49 te an ni a.
Heng ramte hi boruak chhia an pek chhuah kawngah ngaihhnathiam bik an ni a, an ram a reitheih avangin boruak chhia tih tham an pe chhuak ve lo a ni.
Ram changkang zawkten an intiamna aia tam boruak chhia an pek chhuah theih nan an lei tur hrang hrang a awm a. Chungte chu International Emission Trading (IET), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) leh Joint Implementation (JI) te an ni. A vai khian kan sawi vek seng awm lo e, amaherawhchu Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) hi enge a nih han in hrilh hre hram ila a tha awm e.
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) : CDM hi thil in lei tirna lampang (market mechanism) kaihhnawih Kyoto Protocol-in a duan a ni. CDM hi developing countries (ram thang mek) te tana duan a ni. Hemi dan (law) ah chuan Annex I ramten boruak chhia an pek chhuah zat tur an intiamna aia tam an pek chuahin, developing counties te hnenah Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) hi an lei a ngai ta thin a ni.
Ram hmasawn zawk leh changkang tur chuan boruak chhia an pek chhuah hnem a ngai miau bawk si a, industries zawng zawng hi tha taka a kal nan chuan boruak chhia pe chhuak lo a awm si lova.
CER hi ram changkang leh hausa zawkten ram thang mekte hnenah sum tam takin an lei ta thin a ni. CER an leina sum hi ram thang mekten an ramin hma a lo sawn nan leh sum leh paia an in todelh nan an hmang ve ta thin a ni. CER hmang hian ram hausa leh ram thang mekten an mamawh an inphuhruk tawn ta thin a ni.