Fiscal space chungchang hi le

Prof. Vanlalchhawna

Sawrkarin hma thar a lak dawn chuan sawrkar sum engzat nge awm thei dawn? tih ngaihtuah tur a ni. Sawrkar sum leh pai dinhmun hre chiang lova, hma thar lakna ropui tak tak duan hian sawrkar a tizahawm lova, mipui tan beidawnna thlentu mai a ni thei. Chuvangin, hma thar lak a nih dawnin sum leh pai dinhmun leh a nghawng tur te zirchian hmasak zel tur a ni.

State sawrkar budget document pakhat Medium Term Fiscal Policy State­ment (2017-18) chuan sawrkar sum dinhmun tiderthawng thei (fiscal risks) panga a tarlang a. Chungte chu- (i) sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh office enkawlna lam (revenue expenditure) sang thur thur mai te, (ii) economy ṭhan chak zawng sang tawk lo te, (iii) chhiah lakna tur bulṭhut (tax base) te tham lutuk leh chhiah ‘rate’ tihsan ngaihna awm tawh lo te, (iv) medical college dinna tur senso tur te leh (v) Seventh Pay Commission rawtna anga sawrkar hnathawk hlawh tihsan ngai tur te’ tiin.

Fiscal space awmzia

Fiscal space chu sawrkar hma thar lak nana sum mamawh te budget-ah hmun leh chanvo a neih theih zat sawina a ni. Hma thar lak nana sum mamawh te chu budget chhungah khung tur a ni a; sum hmuh dan leh hman ral dan tur te fel takin ruahman tur a ni. Hma thar lakna hian engtikawng mahin ram chhung ei leh bar, sum leh pai dinhmun kal lai a tibuai tur a ni lova; mipui eizawnna kaltluang pangngai a tichhe tur a ni hek lo. A su buai dawn a nih pawhin siamrem dan kawng ruahman tur a ni. Sawrkar sum hmanna awmsa phei chu engtikawng mahin a nekchep tur a ni lo.

Fiscal space hi kawng hrang hrangin ruahman theih a ni. Chhiah thar emaw, chhiah awmsa lak zat tihsan theih a ni. Tui leh kawlphetha hman man (user charge) ang chi te tihsanin ‘fiscal space’ siam theih a ni bawk. Hei bakah sum hmanna chuangtlai leh ṭangkai lo paihin sawrkar sum hum dan kawng zawn theih a ni.

Sawrkar ṭanpuina (grants) hrang hrang hmuh dan ngaihtuah theih a ni bawk. Bank aṭangin emaw, financial market aṭangin emaw pukin ‘fiscal space’ a siam theih bawk.

Hma thar lakna tura sum awm zat ngaihtuah a nih mek laiin ‘development project’ chu ram mamawh (priority) a tling em? tih te, a enkawl zui zel nan amah leh amah a in tum zo em? tih te ngaihtuah tel tur a ni. Hma thar lak nana sum puk chawp phei chu ram ei-sum thawhchhuah zat ṭhan chak zawng leh sawrkar sum lak luh a nghawng dan tur te chhut tel tur a ni.

Mipui vantlangin an ṭhatpui zat (social returns) pawh chhut tur a ni. Sawrkar sum hmanna pawimawh dang a nghawng tur a ni lo va, sawrkar hma thar lakna avangin sawrkar hnathawk hlawh te, infrastructure lam enkawlna te a nghawng buai tur a ni lo.

Sawrkar Laipui Ṭanpuina

Mizoram hi kan vannei khawp mai. Finance Commission leh Planning Commission aṭangin sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina (grants) tam tak kan dawng ṭhin a. BAFFACOS kha Finance Commission 12-na (2005-2010) ruahmanna aṭanga hmuh a ni. Mizoram Intodelhna Programe kha Planning Commission-in 10th Plan (2002-07) chhunga min pek a ni bawk. NLUP ṭanpuina pawh Planning Commission aṭanga hmuh vek a ni. Kum 2014-a Planning Commision a tawp tak hnu hian Mizoram sawrkar pawhin hmasawnna lamah ruahmanna tharte a nei ve nual a. New Economic Development Policy (NEDP) leh Socio-Economic Development Policy (SEDP) te hi a langsarzual a ni awm e. Mizoram sawrkarin hmathar lak nana sum a tuak dan ber chu pukkhawm a ni a. RBI, NABARD, NCDC etc aṭang tein sum puk ṭhin a ni. Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) aṭangin sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina, NEC leh NLCPR hmangin kan hmuh nual bakah Externally Aided Project (World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) etc) aṭang ten hmuh a ni bawk.

Hlawh tihsanin sawrkar sum a nghawng tawh dan

Pay Commission Pangana rawtna anga state sawrkar hnathawk hlawh tihsan a nih khan sawrkar laipui aṭanga ṭanpuina (grants) kan hmuh leh state chhung aṭanga sum kan thawh chhuah ve (state’s own revenue) khan state sawrkar hnathawk hlawh a phuhruk zawh tak loh avangin RBI aṭanga sum puk chawp (Overdraft leh Ways and Means Advance) vawi duai lo lak a ni a. Hetiang dinhmuna Mizoram State sawrkar a awm tak avangin a hranpa meuhin sawrkar laipuiah ṭanpuina dil a ngai ta a. April 8, 1999-ah Memorundam of Understanding (MOU) ziak a ni a. MOU-ah hian sawrkar laipui leh State sawrkar tihtur chiang takin tarlan a ni. Sawrkar laipui chuan ṭanpuina (one time grant) cheng vaibelchhia 82.45 leh interest free loan cheng vaibelchhia 93.50 min pe a; State sawrkar pawhin sum tuakna lam (resource mobilisation) leh inrenchemna lam (economy measure) tam tak a kalpui bawk.

Hei bakah Finance Commission sawmpakhatna rawtna angin Fiscal Reform Facility hnuaiah Incentive Fund siam a ni a; Mizoram sawrkar pawhin a dawng nual a ni. Finance Commission 12-na rawtna angin Fiscal Responsibility & Budget Management Act 2006 duan niin, State sawrkar pawhin sum leh pai enkawlna kawngah target fel tak neiin a kal ṭan ta bawk. Kum 2006 aṭangin Value Added Tax (VAT) lak anih hnu phei hi chuan state sum thawhchhuah ve pawh a pung nasa hle. Inrenchemna lamah Sawrkar motor tihtlem (privatisation) te, driver tan Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) te leh sawrkar hna lakte tihtlem dan kawng zawn a nih tak avang sawrkar sum dinhmun pawh a ṭha chho zel a. State sawrkar sum indaih lohna pawhin ziaawm lam a pan ve hret hret a; leiba thar (fiscal deficit) pawh a hniam zel a. Kum 2000 laihawl chho aṭangin ‘revenue surplus’ kan lo nei leh thei ta a ni. State sawrkar leibat pawh a tla hniam zel bawk.

NEDP leh Fiscal Space

Kum 2010-a Pay Commission Parukna rawtna hman a nih khan Fifth Pay Commission ang em chuan State sawrkar sum dinhmun a nghawng na lo niin a lang a. Amaherawhchu, buhfai leina man a to tak avang te, power leh tui supply-ah sawrkarin cheng tam tak a chawi belh reng avang leh sawrkar hnathawk hlawh a lo pung ta bawk nen, kum 10 zet revenue surplus nei ṭhin khan revenue deficit kan nei leh ṭan ta a. Leiba thar (fiscal deficit) pawhin san lam a pan leh ta a ni. Vanneihthlak takin Finance Commission sawmpalina rawtna anga sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina leh sawrkar laipui chhiah aṭanga state sawrkar sum hmuh a lo pun tak avangin kum 2015-16 (Actual Budget)-ah phei chuan ‘revenue surplus’ leh ‘fiscal surplus’ kan nei ta hial a ni. Hei vang hian State sawrkar pawhin hmathar lakna tur ‘fiscal space’ a nei a; NEDP a kalpui thei niin a lang.

Mizoram sum mil sawrkar hnathawk hlawh

Kum 2018 September aṭangin Seventh Pay Commission rawtna hman a ni a; kum khatah sawrkar hnathawk hlawh atan cheng vaibelchhe 500 chuang sen belh a ngai dawn nia chhut a ni a. Sawrkar hnathawk hlawh hi state sum hmanna lian ber a ni. State sawrkar hnuaiah sawrkar department anga chhal ngam 48 lai a awm a. Hei bakah Corporation pathum, aided institution, Autonomous district council pathum leh Aizawl Municipal Council te a awm bawk. State sawrkar hnuaiah sawrkar hna (sanctioned post) 64916 a awm a, thawk lai (permanent leh temporary) 42,354 bakah contract leh muster roll 13,817 an awm bawk. State sawrkar sum hmuh (revenue receipt) aṭanga zaah 52 vel hi sawrkar hnathawk leh pension hlawh atan hman ral a ni. Hei bakah leiba rulhna leh sawrkar inrelbawl nan sum tam tak mamawh a ni bawk. Sawrkar laipui kalphung angin sawrkar hnathawk hlawh bi kan insiam ve a, hei hi kan tlin lo hle niin a hriat a; chuvangin, Mizoram sum hmuh dan mila sawrkar hnathawk hlawhbi siam ṭhat hi a hun hle niin a lang.

Sawrkar laipui ṭanpuina a tla hniam mek

India ram economy ṭhanna a tlak hniam hian sawrkar chhiah pawh hniam ve nghal a, sawrkar laipui ‘grant’ pawh a tlem phah ṭhin. Demonetisation avangin ram economy ṭhanna a tla hniam a. July 1, 2017 aṭanga GST lak a nih khan sawrkar laipui leh State sawrkarten chhiah aṭanga sum an lakluh pawh a tir lamah a tla hniam nasa hle a ni. Covid-19 hripui avangin kum hnih chhung (kum 2020 leh 2021) India ram economy ṭhan chak zawk a tla hniam nasa em em bawk. Hei hian Finance Commission 15-na rawtna anga sawrkar laipui chhiaha state sawrkar chanvo ve a tiheu nasa hle a ni. Finance Commission 15-na rawtna anga Revenue Deficit Grant tla hniam tur pawh hian Mizoram sawrkar sum dinhmun a nghawng na hle dawn a ni.

Pay Commission Pangana rawtna avanga state sum leh pai dinhmun a chhiat khan sawrkar laipuiin min chhanchhuak (bail out) a. Pay Commission Pasarihna avanga sum lama harsatna awm thei hi sawrkar laipui aṭangin beisei tur a awm ta lo a tih theih awm e. Tunhnaiah state ṭhenkhatin loneitu leibat a thai bosak avangin sum tam tak an hloh va; sawrkar laipui chuan ṭanpui a tum lem lo. Finance Commission-14 rawtna pawm a nih a, state chanvo tam zawk ruahmansak an nih khan Prime Minister chuan, ‘State chanvo a tam tâk avangin sawrkar laipui aṭangin beisei belh tur a awm ta lo; mahni chanvo chhungah ṭheuh kan inenkawl a ngai dawn ta a ni,’ tiin State Chief Minister te a chah nghe nghe a ni.

Tlangkawmna

A thlawna sem (beneficiary approach) hi economy-in a thatpui mawh hle. Sum alo thlawna riral a tam duh em em a ni. Sawrkar sum puk aṭanga hmathar lakna chi reng reng hi sawrkar sum (public money) a nihna ang mipui mamawh ro tling thil (public assets/public goods) siam nan hman ngei tur a ni a. Mimal thil (private goods) atana pek a nih pawhin sum pukna senso zawng zawng khuh zo ngei turin rulhtir tur a ni. A thlawna sem lam chi policy aiin hmasawnna ruhrel ṭha hi ramin a hlawkpui zawk daih tih a ni a. Mi rethei ṭanpuina lam a nih loh chuan, a thlawna sawrkar sum sem policy hi sawrkar sum hman ral dan ṭha lo tak a ni.

Mizoram state sawrkar hian sum lak luhna hnar ṭha leh lian tham (fiscal space) a nei lo va. Finance Commission aṭanga kan sum hmuhte hi renchem leh hman thiam a pawimawh em em a ni. Hmasawnna sum kan pukkhawm leh sawrkar laipui aṭanga sum tlem azawng kan hmuhte hi ṭangkai taka hman tur a ni a. Hmasawnna sum holama taka hman ral ṭhin avangin ram hmasawnna ruhrel ṭha, ro tling kan neih loh phah fo mai hi a pawi hle a ni.