US President election
Hruaia Kawlni
United States Of America hi khawvel ram ropui tih takah an ram hruaitu luber thlanna pawh hi khawvel pum ngaihven a ni. America President nih chu Khawvel history a hming chuanna a ni e, an ti hial thin. A hun a lo thleng leh dawn ta tlem in thai lang ve teh ang. Kum 1792 atang khan kum4 dan ah zel President hi an thlang thin.A hun pawh an duang fel khawp November ni 2 atanga ni 8 inkara thawhleh ni hmasa ber ah kher an thlang thin.Tun kum ah pawh Nov ni 6, 2012 khi Nov ni 2 leh ni 8 inkara thawhlehni hmasa ber anih avangin President thlan ni tur a ni. Nakum January ni 20 ah atling chu President ah an la lut ang.
An president candidate tur pawh an duh uluk na ngiang mai, America ram apiang ngei (Hollywood star Arnold te kha a in candidate thei lo, Austria rama piang ahnua US khualehtui ni chauh ania) kum 35 chin, chu tah pawh America rama kum 14 tal cheng ngei an ni tur ani.
Electoral College : America ah hian mipui ten direct in President leh Vice president te hi an thlang ngai lo a. State tin ah mipui ten an aiawh a President thlang tur elector te an thlang chhuak thin, Chung mipui te thlan elector te chuan mipui aiawh in President leh Vice an thlang leh thin, hei vang hian mipui ten vote an thlak ve chu Popular vote ti in an sawi bawk thin. He kal phung(system) hi Electoral college an tih chu a ni.Tunah hian America ram chhung state 50 leh District of Columbia a elector 3 nen electoral college ah hian vote 538 a awm a.
President tling tur chuan Electoral college vote 270 hmuh a ngai. ( 538 chanve chu 269 a ni a, a chanve aia tam chiah 270 chin hmu chu tling a puan an ni thin) America hi India ang mai a ram lian a ni a,state pawh in len hlei tak tak a awm hlawm. California state ah mipui million 36 vel an awm a, elector pawh 55 lai an nei thei nghe nghe. State tin ah Senator 2 an awm zel chu leh State district awm zat belh khawm chu elector an nei thin(entirnan: California state ah chuan district 53 leh senator 2 an nei a tichuan electors 55 an nei thei ta. 53 dist.+ 2 senators=55) chu tih lai in North Carolina te chuan district 13 chauh an nei a, senator 2 nen belh in elector 15 chauh an nei thei thung .State lian a chak a pawimawh hle tihna a nih chu.
Hei bakah hian America state pahnih Maine leh Nebraska ah tih loh hi chuan Winner take all system an hmang vek a, state elector zawng zawng an hui vek thin.(entirna: India ram ah lo tehkhin ta ila, Assam state khuan elector emaw MP 20 president thlang thei nei se, Congress in Assam ah chuan MP/Elector 11 nei in hnenna chang se, Assam MP/Elector 20 kha a za vai in an mahni lam President thlang turin a chang vek ang. Chu chu winner take all system awm dan chu a ni).
Nomination Process
Tunlai U.S. President ni tur a rawtna (nomination) kal phung tlanglawn chi hnih a awm a: presidential primary elections leh caucuses an tih mai hi state tin ah an nei thin. Tin, hei bakah hian party mal in presidential nominating conventions an huaihawt thin bawk. He thil hi United States Constitution ah chuang lo mahse political party ten candidates te thlit fimna hmanrua leh tih dan phung a an lo neih tawh a ni.
The primary elections hi chu state leh local governments ten an buaipui a, caucuses erawh hi chu party mal in anbuatsaih liau liau a ni thung.. states thenkhat in primary elections chauh an nei a, thenkhat in caucuses chauh nei te pawh an awm, chutih rual chuan apahnih a huaihawt kawp state te pawh an awm tho thin bawk. Heng primaries leh caucuses te hi dan tlangpui in inthlan kum January leh June inkar federal election hma si in an nei thin.
Technology leh media
Khawvel athang chho zel a, radio leh Television hmuchhuah hnu phei chuan tunhma kum 1790 tawp lama an bul tan lai leh kum 1800 chho vel te nen chuan Presidential campaign dan pawh a danglam nasa hle. T.V lam ah mahni infakna (commercial) lam tih chhuah an uar chho a,
Lyndon B.johnson an kum 1964 a commercial “Daisy” te, Ronald Regan a’n kum 1984 a ”morning in America” leh George H.W.Bush a’n kum 1988 a “Revolving Door” a siam te chu President an nih theihna tur a chakna hnar leh nasa tak a pui tu an ni chho ta.Ronald Reagan phei hi chuan a khingpui Walter Mondale chu electoral vote ah 525-13 lai in kum 1984 khan a hnena, President inbeih tawha in hnenna nasa ber ani nghe nghe.
Kum 1990 chho atangin internet a rawn inlar tan a, kum 1996 US president thlanna ah chuan campaign hmanraw pakhat a ni chho tan,mahse hemi kum hi chuan engtham mah nghawng a nei lo ah an ngai. Kum 2000 a President candidate George W Bush leh Al Gore te khan campaign Website an siam ve ve a, an enkawl uluk in an vil taima(update) reng. Kum 2004 a president chuh tum te phei chuan internet chu inthlan campaign na hmanraw pawimawh tak ah an chan chho der tawh mai, chung zingah chuan Howard Dean a campaign website chu a tha in a entawn tlak hle a campaign nana thil tangkai ber pakhat ah a tang chho a, amah thlawptu ten a thusawi an en/ chhiar zel theih bakah rawtna emaw thurawn(feedback) an siam thei a, anmahni anga duhthu hmun hmun danga mi te nen an inbe pawp thei a, thawlawm bakah awm hmun atangin internet kal tlangin campaign ah an tel ve.
Kum 2008 President thlan an nih leh meuh phei chuan Internet chu campaign na atana kila lungpawimawh a ni ngawt tawh mai, Candidate ten website an siam bakah social networking facebook, myspace tih vel ah mipui in tu zawk nge lar leh tha zawk tih te tehnan ber an hmang tan ta. Internet channel pakhat Youtube ah te candidate ten an thusawi download thei ten an dah bakah advertisement free in an siam thei a an tangkai pui ta hle mai.
Kum 2010 november a zirchiangtu pawl 2 Pew Internet & American Life Project leh Princeton Survey Research Associates ten an sawi dan phei chuan U.S. a 54% puitling ten inthaln dawn ah candidate te chanchin leh an hriat duh te internet hmang in an en a, 26% ten twitter leh facebook leh social networking dang atang te in election chungchanga sawihona(discussion) an nei thin a, candidate te chanchin hriatna hnar ber ah an lo hmang bawk tih a tarlang. March 26, 2006 khan Federal Election Commission chuan political communication Internet kal tlanga siam heng emails, blogs leh Web sitessiam te chu dan anga phuar tul a tih lo thu a pass nghe nghe.
Thu belh
US President thlanna ah hian Popular vote(mipui vote) an khingpui te aia hmu tlem si mahse electoral college a chak zawk avanga President ta 4 lai an awm. 1824 ah John Quincy Adams, 1876 ah Rutherford B.hayes, 1888 ah Benjamin Harrison leh 2000 ah George W.Bush e an ni.
Pafa a US president ni thei 2 chaih an la awm, John Adam President 3-na (1796) leh a fapa John Quincy Adam President 10-na(1824) te leh George H.W.Bush President 51-na(1988) leh a fapa George W.Bush president 53-na(2000) te an ni.
US president zing ah tlangval(kawppui nei lo) awm chhun chu James Buchanan US president 15-na kha a ni, a vahnu (unau te fanu) harriet Lane chu first Lady ah deuh in a awm pui mai thin.
US President reng reng hi Political background nei tha tak, senator trang lai emaw ni tawh thin, Governor hlui emaw, secretary of state, Vice President hlui emaw tang lai emaw an ni deuh zel, chutiang ang ni miah lo an thlan hnuhnung ber chu kum 1952 a thlan (World War II hero) General Dwight D. Eisenhower kha a ni.
U.S. Secretary of State hi president ni tura kailawn (stepping-stone) a ni thin. Tunhma kum 1801 leh 1841 inkara president 6 zinga 5 zet kha secretary of state an ni, mahse 1841 a Secretary of State James Buchanan, President a nih hnu ah tumah Secretary of state hi President an ni leh tawh lo.
Vice President 14 zet President ah an tling chho tawh. Al Gore(2000) kha Vice President nilai President chuh tling lo hmasa ber a ni. President thih vang emaw ban avanga President ni chho Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, leh Lyndon B. Johnson te kha a hnuah an mahni pual a President an chuh pawh in an tling vek. Chutih lain heng mi John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester A. Arthur, leh Gerald Ford te hi President thih emaw ban avanga President ni chho mahse a hnuah an mahni a President inthlan chuh a tling zo lo te an ni.
Gerald R.Ford phei hi chu a mak khawp a, kum 1973 Dec 6 ah US congressman a nih lain Vice President Spiro T. Agnew aban avangin an la lut a, a kum leh 1974 Aug 9 ah President Richard Nixon aban avangin President a ni leh a. Kum 1976 President inthlanna ah Jimmy Carter a hnen lo, Vice President leh President ni si vawi khat mah mipui thlan tlin a ni lo.
US president zingah hian 16 lai State Governor nilai emaw ni tawh thin an ni. President hnuhnung 6 zinga 4 (Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton leh George W. Bush) te hi governor nilai emaw ni tawh vek an ni.
Kum 2008 hma lam khan US president ah hian senator tang lai emaw ni tawh thin 15 zet an lo tling tawh. Kum 1945 atanga 1974 inkar a President 5 zinga 4 phei chu Senator tang lai emaw hlui vek an ni nghe nghe. Sitting party lian (republic/democratic)candidate Senators zingah Andrew Jackson (1824), Lewis Cass (1848), Stephen Douglas (1860), Barry Goldwater (1964), George McGovern (1972),leh John Kerry (2004) hi an tling lo vek thung..
