Dr. H.T.C. Lalrinchhana
Bethel Veng, Zemabawk
A. ZIRTIRTUTE HNENA CHONA
Sikul kai naupangte hi sikul thuneitute kuta an awmlai reng rengin tawhsual an tawh theihna lakah an himtawk tur a ni [M.S. Grewal & Anr. Vs. Deep Chand Sood & Ors. Appeal (C) No. 9738 of 1996, 2001 AIR 3660= 2001 (2) Suppl. SCR 156=2001 (8) SCC 151=2001 (7) JT 159]
Certificate tha pui pui kawltir ngawt aia, hnathawh peihna leh phurna thinlung thalaite hnena pe tur hian Zirtirtute aia theihna leh remchanna nei tha an awm bik dawn em ni?.
Delhi High Court chuan Dt. 1/12/2000-a a thutlukna ah chuan sikul naupangte hian hremna uchuak tello-a zalen leh thlamuangtak, hlauhna tel hauhlo-a zahawmtakin an nitin sikul ah nun hman theihna dikna chanvo annei alo ti ani [Parents Forum For Meaningful Education And Another vs Union Of India And Another [2001 IIAD Delhi 20, AIR 2001 Delhi 212].
Supreme Court chuan April 13, 2009 khan Avinash Tetrameron Vs. Union of India & Others [Writ Pet. (Civil) No. 483 of 2004] te chungthu a ngaihtuahna ah kangmei, lirnghing leh chhiatrupna thlengthei dang laka naupangte an him theihna atan ‘National Building Code of India, 2005’ [Part IV – Fire & Life Safety and the Code of Practice of Fire Safety in Educational Institutions (IS 14435:1997)], ‘Bureau of Indian Standards’ in aduan anga sikul in leh hmun cheibawl ngeina turin State tinte thupek ape bawk a ni.
Kan vawiin nuna pawi ta ber chu, Inrinhlelhna khawvelah kan lut mek hi ani. Zirtirtu in a sikul naupangte leh zirlai nu leh pa te a ring tehchiam lova, zirlaite leh zirlai nu leh pate pawhin an fate sikul zirtirtute an ringzo tehchiam ta lo tlat mai hian rah tha reng reng achhuah dawn lo. Inrintawnna boruak atang lo chuan zirna tluantling kan tharchhuak lul lo ang kan ti anih chu!
Hlauhna leh vauthaihna hmanga sikul naupang kan enkawl thinna hun kha kan vuiliam mek a, zirtirtuten naupang rilru sukthlek zawng mila phurna pe a sikula naupang te luhlulna leh danglamna an hman tangkai hlauh a tul ta. Zirtirtute lehkha chhiar leh ngaihtuahna chawllova an chaw bel sikul naupang enkawlna kawngah an in tuaihriam nitin atul ta.
Zirtirtu I nih chuan i aw phawi dan, i incheina, i thawhrim dan, i ngaihhlut zawngte kha naupangin an zirin an entawn lo thei dawn lo tih i hre reng tur a ni a, chu mai bakah zirna in chu naupangte hlim tak leh thlamuang taka an awmna tur leh sikul kai an chak rengna/thlakhlelh rengna turin boruak hlimawm leh phurawm I siam thiam tur a ni. Thleibik nei leh naupang duhsak zawng bik i neih rual rualin rilru na leh beidawng engemaw zah i siam mek tih pawh i hriat a tul. Khawlai leh sikul pawn lama naupangin an hmuh lai chein naupang hmaa zirtirna i pek lai a i mizia leh nunzia nena inpersan leh nunzia inhlat taka i lo khawsa a nih chuan i pawi i sawi a ni ngawt lo va, naupang thanlenna leh zirna tha a dawnna tur atana tul nangmaha rinna a nghahna/neihna chu i paih bosak bawk a ni.
Thildang zawng zawng aiin naupang thanglian zel tur rilru hliam (demoralize) aia hlauhawm hi a awm angem, Siamtu huatzawng tak pawh ani thei mai lo ang maw.
Zirtirtu - (i) zu leh ruihtheihthil danga inhnamhnawihte (ii) a hun taka sikul thleng ngailo te (iii) ban hun hma-a ban ching te (iv) zirtirna hna aia sumdawn emaw huan neih adt. tuipui zawk te (v) hriatzauna lama mi bil tak te (vi) mipat hmeichhiat lama pan tak te (vii) zahawmtaka inchei peihlo te (viii) dan ang thlap nilo, mi tuemaw duhsakna hmanga zirtirtu a tang te (ix) tawng tladah tak te (x) khawlai mi takte (xi) thleibikna neih ching tak te (x) tangka sum ngaina tak mite (xi) mahni thawhna hmun/khua aia khawdanga hmel hmuh tur tamzawk te ngaisang leh zah tur hian zirlaite leh an nu leh an pate hi kan phut ngam dawn em ni?
Zirtirtu chuan naupangte chungah thununna/zilhhauna (discipline) chu a pe thei tih kan hria a, hremna uchuak (corporal punishment) erawh chu kan pe thiang lo tih pawh kan hriat a tul. A awmzia berah chuan thununna/zilhhauna (Discipline) leh hremna (Punishment) hi kan thliarhran thiam a tul ang. A danglamnate lo thlur zui lawk ila:
(1) Naupang thununna chu anmahni mize mil leh anmahnia rilru hliam awm lova rah tha chhuah ngei tura naupang kawng dik lama kaihhruaina a ni a, turluihna nilovin phurna leh tumna hmangin naupang rilru a chhem nung thin, hremna erawh chu thinrim hrikthlakna emaw thin chhiatna satliah mai atanga innghat naupang dinhmun ngaihtuah miah lova naupang chunga hleilenna a ni.
(2) Naupang zilhhauna/thununna chuan naupang kawng tha zawh turin a hmin mai lo a nih pawhin rah tha chhuah turin naupang rilru-ah chi a tuhin rilru ngui leh nain naupang a siam ngai lo, hremna satliah erawh chuan naupang nun a tingui a, phuba lak duhna leh mi huat duhna thinlung a tuh thin a ni. adt.
Naupang chungah thununna/zilhhauna kan pek dawnin a hnuaia mite hi kan ngaihtuah/hre chang hmasa thin tur a ni-
(a) Naupang chu a seilenna chhungkua atang rilru na sa leh chenpuite emaw nu leh paten rilru pangkhing takin sikul ah an rawn thlahliam a ni thei.
(b) Naupang chu a sikul kai kawngah mi tu emawin emaw, thil thleng eng emawin a rilru ngaihtuahna runthlak takin a lo la peng a, chu thinlung leh rilru mitthlana chuan a nun chu a la chiah hneh hle a ni thei.
(c) Retheih luattuk emaw chhungkaw dinhmun harsatna avang emaw hmelhmaiah rual pawl pha ve zo lo khawpin a lo inthlahrung emaw, rualawt reng rengin nun leh hun a lo hmang mek a ni thei.
(d) Zirtirtu emaw sikula hotu dangten a rilru na takin an lo hliam emaw, a chungah hleih neihna (injustice) an lo thlentir tawh anga, chu chuan a rilru a tipangkhing hle a ni thei.
(f) Sikula naupang dangte zingah amah hmusit hle tu emaw amah diriam hle tu mi dang avangin rilru hliampui tuarin a lo awm mek a ni thei.
(g) A seillenna hmun danglam bikna engemaw vangin zirlai ah chak loh bikna emaw hnufum bikna anei ani thei em.
(h) A nun ti luhlul tu thil tawn engemaw duhawm lo tak alo nei tawh ani thei.
(i) Siamtu hian mihring hmel inang chiah pakhat mah asiamlo ang chiah hian mihring mizia danglamna nei theuhin min siam a, chu kan danglam theuhna te chu in hriatthiampui phawt angai tih kan chian hmasak atul.
(j) Kawngdangin a rilru ti hnual hle tu emaw hliam tu engemaw alo nei tawh emaw tal ani thei adt.
Zirtirtute leh sikul lama thuneitute hian naupang huaisar/kawlhsen, aia naupangte hmusit leh tiduhdah thin an awm leh awm loh hriat a tul, aia upa leh ngam loh zawngte tihduhdah avanga sikul kai hreh leh ban phah hial tate pawh an awm tih hria la, naupangte tana rawngbawltu ini ta sa sa, naupang khawsaho zingah mi dawihzep leh chhantu nei ve lote rilru hlimna leh nghaisak an tawrh thinna, a tuartu tana kumkhaw rilru hliampui thlen thei lakah i ban i phar a tul fo ang.
B. NAUPANG TE CHUNGA DAN BAWHCHHIAT THEIHNA:
B. 1: Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 angin:
- Naupang chunga hremna uchuak (corporal punishment) tih hi taksa hliam tawrh tir zawnga naupang nghaisakna a ni [S. 2 (24)]
- Nu leh pate emaw zirtirtu te emaw naupang enkawl tute reng reng in naupang te chungah nunrawnna leh hlamchhiahna an lantir in kum thum thleng lungin tantir leh cheng nuai khat thleng chawitir bawka hremtheih a ni [S. 75]
- Naupang te ruihhlo pek emaw ruihhlo kaihhnawiha inhnamhnawih tir hi hrehawm takin kum sarih thleng lungin tan leh pawisa cheng nuaikhat thleng chawibawka hremtheih a ni [Ss. 77 & 78]
- Naupang te chunga hremna uchuak (corporal punishment) pek annih in a vawikhatna ah cheng singkhat thleng chawitir tur ani a, a hnu lamah chuan thla thum thleng lungin tan tir emaw pawisa chawitir emaw a pahnih anga hremna pekkawp tur a ni. Heta hremna pek (conviction) reng reng te hi an hna atanga ban tir mai bakah naupang te nena in kungkaihna neia hnathawh tir phal tawh loh tur a ni. Tin, hetiang hremna uchuak pek annih hian an sikul kalna thuneituten Child Welfare Committee emaw Juvenile Justice Board emaw Court rorelna an tawiawm duhlo emaw thupek an zawm duh lo anih chuan kum thum aia tlemlo lungin tantir leh pawisa cheng nuai khat thleng chawitir bawka hremna pek tur a ni [S. 82]
- He dan hnuaia dan bawhchhiatna lo puihbawmna (abetment) thu ah alo puibawm tu chu a puihbawm dan bawhchhiat hremna anga hremna pek theih ani bawk ang [S. 87]
- He dan hnuaia thubuai siamsak theihte hi ramchhung dan danga hremna na zawk pek theih annih chuan chuti ang hremna na zawk hmanga hrem tur zawk an ni ang [S. 88]
B. 2: Ram danpuiin a humhalhna:
(1) Naupang kum 6 leh kum 14 inkarte chu a thlawn leh tihmakmawha zirna dawntir vek hi sorkar mawhphurhna a ni, chu chu an dikna chanvo bulthum (Fundamental Rights) a ni. [Article-21’A’]
(2) Naupang kum 6 hnuai lamte hmakhua e.g. zirna leh an himna ngaihtuaha ram kalsiam rel tur a ni [Article 45]
B. 3: Indian Penal Code, 1860 in a humhalhna:
(1) Naupang kum 7 hnuai lam thil tih reng reng chu thubuaiah lak theih a ni lo [S. 82]
(2) Naupang kum 12 la tling lote pawikhawihna chu ngaihthiamna thuk tak pek a ni [S. 90]
B. 4: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009:
He dan hnuaia thu chuang pawimawh thenkhatte-
- Naupang chu pawl 8 a zir thlengin a thlawn vekin sikul kaltir vek tur a ni [S. 3]
- Naupang chu pawl 8 a zir thlengin sikul atang eng kawng zawng mahin hnawhchhuah emaw chawlhtir theih a ni lo kum zawnin in pawl ngaiah naupang thut nawn tir loh tur [S. 16]
- Naupang chungah rilru leh taksa lama tih thlabarna leh hremna pek khap tlat a ni [S. 17]
- Naupang chu pawl 8 a zir thlengin Board Examination eng mah neihpui a ngai lo, pawl 8 a zawh hnu ah ‘Certificate’ pek mai tur a ni [S. 30]
- Sikul zirtirtu chu mimala ‘tuition’ pek emaw, hamthatna uma mimala zirtirna lo pek hi phal a ni lo [S. 28]
- Naupang tumah kum lanna lehkha neihloh vang maia hnawl loh tur [S. 14 (2)]
- Sikul tinin 'School Management Committee' an din anga, chutah chuan hmun li-a thena hmun thum tal chu sikul naupang nu leh pa an ni tur ani, tualchhung thuneitute leh zirtirtute telna tur ani bawk [S. 21]. Hei hian Sikul Development Plan pawh an duang tur a ni [S. 22]
- Sikul zirtir tu chuan naupang hmasawnna tur ah naupang nu leh pate emaw enkawltute a khat tawkin a kawm thin tur ani a, hetiang ti duhlo chungah chuan hremna pek theih ani ang [S. 24]
B.5: TLANGKAWMNA:
Naupang in sikul kal an chak lo leh sikul nuam an tilo anih chuan chu sikul chu naupang tinzawn zirna (child-centric institution) ani lo tihna ani ang.
Zirthiamna (Education) laimu tak tak pawh phalo zirna in ah I fate an kal em tih te hi fiah fo atul, Zirthiamna laimu tak tak chu naupang nawr vak vakna lam nilo in an mize phak tawka nitin nun atan phur leh hlim taka hmasawn tirna mai tur a ni ang.