Mizote leh Atheism

Zoramsanga

Mizoramah Kristianna a lo thlen atangin rin dân hrang tam tak a rawn chhuak tawh a; amaherawhchu hêng rin dân hrangte hi Kristianna hrûla kal an ni thîn a, Kristianna atangin an pêng hrang viau a nih pawhin Pathian rinna erawh an la vawng nung ve tho thîn. Pathian a awm rin loh tawpna hi Saptawngin ‘Atheism’ an ti a, hetiang ngaih dân hi Mizote zîngah a lâr ngai lo va, hetiang ngaih dân nei an lo awm a nih pawhin an tlangaupui lêm lo. Tûnlai hian information technology a lo chak ta hle a, internet hmanga inbiak pawhna – social networking (facebook etc.) lamah phei chuan mahni hming dik tak târ lang lêm lovin mahni ngaih dân duh ang tâwkin a theh darh theih tawh a, Mizote zîngah pawh hming lem invuaha atheism vawrh darhtu tam tak an lo awm ve ta a. Inzêp lova atheist an ni tih inpuang ngam pawh an awm nual tawh niin a lang.

Atheism hi hre thiam tûr chuan a lo chhuah dân tawi tê tala chhui a ngai ang a; amaherawhchu atheism hi chi khat chauh ni lovin chi tam tak a awm tih hriat a tha awm e. Atheism chhungkuaah hian heng thumal chi hrang hrang – Bright, Cartesian, communist, determinist, Epicurean, existentialist, fatalist, freethinker, Hobbist, humanist, infidel, irreligious, libertine, materialist, monist, naturalist, Nietzschean, rationalist, sceptic, secularist, Spinozist, unbeliever etc. te hi hman a ni thin a. Hêngte hi Pathian hnâwlna anga ngaih theih a ni vek nain, ram leh khawtlang leh politics dinhmun chi hrang hrang atanga rawn chhuak a ni hlawm a, a inang diak diak vek lo va, a rawn zik chhuahna socio-politics dinhmun hriat loh phei chuan hriat thiam a har viau thei.[1] Mizopa tan phei chuan heng hming chi hrang hrang lam dik tum ngawt pawh hi hna fe a tling thei awm e!

Chuvangin he paper tawi teah hi chuan tun hnaia atheism lo chhuak, new atheism an tih bik hi kan chhui ang a, nghawng a neih dân leh engtia thlîr tûr nge tih kan thlir tel bawk dawn a ni.

A awmzia

Tawi tea hrilh fiah dâwn chuan, atheism chu leilung leh a kaihhnawih thilte (natural) piah lamah hian lei piah lam thil (supernatural) a awm rin lohna a ni mai âwm e. Hriatna te, ngaihtuahna te, rilru te pawh hi taksa nei (physical) - entir nan, thluak - atanga rawn awm mai a ni a, a siamtu taksa lak bo chuan a awm zui tawh lo va. Heng piah lam – Pathian, Setana, thlarau etc. te phei hi chu a awm leh a awm loh pawh hriat tak tak theih a ni lo, an ti.[2] Atheist hmingthang Christopher Hitchens (fam) chuan “Science leh reason (mihring finna) hian hriatna famkim min pe kan ti lo; amaherawhchu science leh reason kalh thil rêng rêng chu kan ringhlel a ni,” a ti [3] Chuvangin, atheist te chuan finfiah theih loh thil – Pathian, thlarau, ramhuai etc. te hi an hnâwl vek a, chu mi rual chuan sakhaw thurinte pawh hi mihring mâwl lai huna phuah chawp anga ngaiin atheist tam tak chuan an hnâwl bawk.

Modern atheism lo chhuah dân leh a chhante

Hman laia Greek mite chuan thutak zawnna hmanrua atan thil pahnih – logos leh mythos an hmang thin. Logos (reason) hi mihringin a finna pawlh dal loh hmanga a thil tawn hriatte chik taka hriat thiam a tumna hmanrua a ni a, hemi hmang hian a chhehvêla thil thlengte thlentirtu leilung dan chu chhui chhuah a tum a, thunun a tum bawk thin. Hei hi zirna pêng chi hrang hrang – science, mathematics, commerce etc. kan zirna hmanraw pui ber a ni. Chuti a nih rualin Greek mite chuan mihring nun awmzia neihtir tur hian reason ringawt chu a tawk lo tih an hria a, hringnun awmzia zawnna atan mythos (myth) an hmang thin a, chu chu hringnun awmze ril, sawi fiah mai theih si loh, mihringte tan eng lai pawha pawimawh si sawina a ni a. Hêng thurilte hi mipui mimir hnena zirtirna hmanrua atan leh thangthar lo la awm zel turte hnena hlan chawnna hmanrua atan thawnthu an hmang thin a. Tun hnuah hian myth hi thawnthu phuah chawp tihna ang deuhvin kan hmang ta a, a pawi hle.[4]

Kum zabi 6-na BC a lo her chhuah chuan Asia Minor-a Greek colony pakhat, Miletus-ah chuan thil a lo inher danglam a, pathian chi hrang hrang sawi tel lo va, mihring finna hmang liau liauva khawvel nih phung hrilh fiah tumna a lo awm ta a. Heng Greek mi fing hmasa - Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes te hi a bul tantute an ni.[5] An hmingah phusikoi (naturalists) an vuah a, leilung thununtu dante chu a bul ber thlenga chhui chhuah an duh a, chu mi kal zel chuan philosophy a hring chhuak ta a ni.[6]

Greek mi fingte hun atang hian philosophy a thang zêl a, chu chuan science a hring chhuak a. Kum zabi 5-na BC-ah philosopher ropui hmasa ber pawl, Socrates a lo lang a, ani chuan science hmang chauhva thil zir chu a tha tawk lo hlein a hria a, hêng zawhna pawimawh ber ber – eng vânga lo awm nge, eng atâna lo awm nge tihte hi a chhang lo niin a hria a, “Eng vangin jail-ah ka thut tih zawhna chu, ruh leh tihrâwl ka nei a, a inthlep thei a, chuvângin ka thu a ni, tia chhân ang vêl a ni” a ti. Hringnun awmzia hi science hmanga chhân fiah chiah a ngai lo a ni awm e.[7]

Kristianna a lo lan hnuah pawh hun rei tak chu theology leh philosophy hi a kal kawp a. Kristian hmasa thenkhat, Greek philosophy thiam tak tak, Clement of Alexandria te, Irenaeus of Lyons te, Origen te, Augustine te chuan Plato-a philosophy hmangin Kristian thurin sawi fiah an tum thîn.[8] Amaherawhchu Kristian sakhua hi Rom lal ram sakhuaa hlân kai a nih hnuah, kum 529 AD khan emperor Justinian chuan philosophy zirna school awmchhun, Athens khuaa mi chu a khâr ta a. Hemi hnu hi chuan philosophy leh science chu Juda leh Muslim mi thiamten an lo buaipui ve thung a. Kum zabi 12-na AD-ah Europe ram mi thiamte Spain-ah kalin philosophy an zuk chhar thar leh a. Kristiante zingah pawh Greek mi fing, Aristotle-a philosophy a lar leh ta hle mai a. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) chuan Aristotle-a philosophy hi hmang tangkaiin Pathian a awm tih finfiahna panga (Five Ways) a duang chhuak nghe nghe (hei hi mi tam takin an hre sual fo thin: Aquinas hian Pathian a awm ngei a ni tih chiang taka prove-na duan chhuah a tum a ni lo va, he hmuh theih khawvel piah lamah hian thil dang a awm a ni awm e tih a tarlan tumna chauh a ni a, mihringin Pathian a hriat fiah tak tak theih loh thu hi a thupui ber a ni zawk).[9] Europe-ah hian philosophy a thang zel a, science (tûn hma chuan natural philosophy an ti thin) pawh a thang zel a. Kum zabi 16-na vel atang khan modern science tia kan sawi tâk hi a rawn chawr chhuak ta niin an sawi thîn.

Hêng hun lai hian theology leh science chu intibuai lovin a kâl thei niin an ngai thîn a. Amaherawhchu kum zabi 18-na vêlah hêng thil pathum – theology kal sual leh science thang zêl avâng te, Bible thlîr dân inthlâk avâng te leh kohhran paih thlâk duhna avâng tein Kristian ramah pawh mipuiten sakhuana an thlîr dân a lo inthlâk ta a, atheism chu a rawn thang chak ta hle a ni.

1. Theology kal sual leh Science thang zêl

Kohhran hruaitu hmasa (Church Father)-te leh theologian hmasate chuan Pathian hi mihring hriat phâk bâk (transcendent) a ni tih an sawi uar a; chuvângin Anselm-a ten Pathian awm finfiahna (proof) an duan chhuah pawhin, kha a proof khân rinhlelh rual lohvin Pathian a awm tih a tichiang tihna ni lovin, Pathian be tûra inbuatsaihna atâna thluak sawizawina ang chauh a ni.[10] Thomas Aquinas ten theology-a philosophy an lâkluhna chhan pawh, reason hmang ngawr ngawra Pathian zawn chhuah an tum vâng ni lovin, Pathian biaknaah chuan mihring thiltihtheihna zawng zawng hman vek tha an tih vang a ni mah zawk a, hriat chian vek hnu chauhva Pathian rin tur ni lovin, rinna leh finna kalkawptîr an duh vâng zâwk a ni.[11]

Kum zabi 17-naah theology kalphung a inthlâk ta a. France ram mi fing Rene Descartes chuan rinna hmanga Pathian hriat ringawt chu duh tawk lovin, rinhlelh rual loh leh hnial rual lohva Pathian a awm ngei a ni tih leh thlarau thi thei lo kan nei ngei a ni tih fiahna zawn chhuah a duh a. Hei hi Pathian a rin loh vang ni lovin Pathian a rin em avâng zâwka buaipui a ni. Tichuan, kum 1641 khan Meditations on First Philosophy tih bu ziakin, he lehkhabu hi Paris khawpuia Faculty of Theology tan a hlân (dedicate) nghe nghe a ni. Descartes-a chuan kan thil hmuh leh hriat engkim mai pawh hi rinhlelh vek tur a ni a ti a, a tâwp berah rinhlelh rual lohva kan hriat theih awmchhun chu ‘ringhlel turin ngaihtuahna ka nei a ni’ tih a ni ang a, chu chu rinhlelh rual lohva thil chiang awmchhun a ni a, hei hi kan bultanna tûr chu a ni, a ti a. Ringhlel thei tura ngaihtuahna ka neih avangin ka awm ngei a ni tih a chiang a (Cogito ergo sum – I think, therefore I am), keimah bakah pawn lam khawvel a awm ngei a tih a chian theihna tûr chu Pathian a awm chauhvin a ni dawn a, chuvangin Pathian a awm a ni, a ti. Descartes hian thil tha tiah a inngai ngei ang; amaherawhchu mihring chu engkim teh nan a hmang a, Pathian awm leh awm loh tehfung atan pawh mihring a ngai pawimawh hmasa a. Pathian chu a dinhmun a hniam ta hle mai a. Descartes-a hian a tum ni miah lovin modern atheism lo chhuahna atân kawng a lo sial reng a lo ni.

Hemi hnu hian English mi fing John Locke a lo chhuak ve leh a. Ani thung chuan Pathian awm leh awm loh chu mihring ngaihtuahna ngawta chhui chi a ni lo, a ti a. Mihring ngaihtuahna ngawt chu a dik loh theih em avangin, thil hmuh leh thil hriat (empirical sense data) ngei hmanga chhui zâwk tur a ni, a ti a. Kan thil hmuh leh hriatte hmang hian Pathian nihna ‘âwm ang’ kan ngaihtuah chhuak a, chu chu tâwp chin awm lova ropui turin kan han suangtuah leh a, chutichuan Pathian nihna chu kan ngaihtuah chhuak ta thîn a ni, a ti.

Hetiang hian anni pahnih hian mihring finna leh thiamna hmanga Pathian a awm ngei a ni tih finfiah dân tur an duang chhuak a. Thil tha tak tiah an inngaih laiin, tûn hma theology-a Pathian chungnung êm êm thîn kha an pawt hniam a, mihring finna hmanga chhui phâk lekah an dah ta a, mihring finna chuan Pathian chungnunna chu a luahlân ta a ni. Anni pahnih hmalakna hi a hnu zelah mi thiam dang - David Hume, Immamuel Kant, Ludwig Feuerbach leh Karl Marx ten an chhunzawm a, mihring finna hmanga Pathian an han chhui tak tak chuan Pathian chu a lo chhui chhuah theih ngawt si lo va, ‘awm lo ang chauh a ni’ tih ngaih dan an nei ta a. Chu mai pawh ni lovin Pathian biakna chuan rorelna dik a dâl tlat ni te pawhin an hre ta a ni.[12]

Kum zabi 17 hun lai hian science pawhin hma a sawn nasa hle a, Isaac Newton-an leilung chêt dân thununtu – Universal Mechanics a hmuh chhuah atang phei chuan hriatna a thang nasa zual hle a. Tûn hmaa thilmak hriata an lo hriat ngawt thin – khawvel leh planet dangten Ni an hêl dân te, Lei vir dân te, Thla vir kual dân te chu gravity hmangin an lo hre thiam ta a, an chhût chhuak thei ta hial a. Hêng leilung dânte hi Pathianin eng tik lai pawhin a vil rengah ngaiin, chu science hmang ngei chuan Pathian nihna pawh chiang takin a hriat theihah an ngai ta hial a. Newton-a phei chuan hetia science hmanga Pathian zawn chhuah hi sakhaw dik berah ngaiin, Pathian chu heng leilung dante hmanga fel fai taka che tûrah a ngai nghet hmiah a, thilmak a thleng thei tûrah a ngai tawh lo hrim hrim a; heng thil hriat thiam harsa – Trinity te, Pathian mihringa lo chang tih te phei hi chu a pawm thei ta meuh lo a ni. Hetih hun laia theologian thenkhat pawhin Newton-a ngaih dan hi tâwmin, an theology-ah an seng lut hmiah mai a, Pathian a awm ngei a ni tih tichiangtuah ngaiin atheism beihna hmanruaah an hmang thin. Pathian chu science hmanga chhui fiaha chhui bo theihah an hnûk hniam ta a ni ber e.[13] Pathian chu la ring ve tho siin science leh finna hmanga chhui chu amah hriatna kawng dik berah an ngai a, leilûng dân kalha rawn inrawlh sek Pathian chu an theology-ah a leng ta lo va; Pathian rin dân chi dang deuh, Deism an pawm ta a. Hemi atang hi chuan atheism an hnai ta sauh a ni.

Theology chu science-ah a innghat thuiin an inthlun zawm tlat a ni ta ber a, Bible kalh zâwnga science-in thil hmuh chhuah thar a neih chuan an theology chu a derthawng ta zêl mai a ni. Bible pawh chu scientific leh historical takin a dik vek tura ngaihna a lo awm a. Ireland mi Archbishop, James Ussher chuan Bible atanga chhûtin khawvêl siam a nih kum chu 4004 BC kha a ni, tiin a chhût chhuak ta hial a ni! (Tunlai science nên chuan a inmil lohzia sawi thui a ngai âwm lo ve.)

Kum 1830-ah Charles Lyell-an Principles of Geology a ziak a, kan chênna khawmual leh leilung hi vawi leh khata insiam thut ni lovin zawi muanga insiam bek bek a ni tih ngaih dân a rawn vawrh lâr a. Kum 1844-ah Robert Chambers-an Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation tih bu a chhuah a, thil nung chi hrang hrang lo chhuah dân hi Pathian sawi têl lovin science hmangin hrilh fiah dân a awm a ni, a ti a. Kum 1859-a Charles Darwin-an The Origin of Species bu chhuahin, thil nungte hi vawi leh khata siam ni lovin, thil nung mawlmang tak atangin zawi muangin a rawn thang chho zel a, thilnung chi hrang hrang a rawn chhuak ta a ni tih ngaih dân a rawn vawrh lâr leh ta a, a hmingah theory of evolution an vuah. Hei hi Genesis-a thilsiam thu nen a inkalha hriat a nih avangin, hetih hun laia Princeton-a professor of theology, Charles Hodge chuan theology a damkhawchhuah theih nan chuan scientist thenkhat nen an indo a ngai dawn ta a ni, a ti hial.[14]

2. Bible thlîr dân inthlâk

Kum zabi 18-naah German mi thiam, Johann Eichhorn, Johann Vater leh Wilhelm DeWette ten Bible chu hmân lai lehkhabu hlui dang ang bawka historical-critical methodology hmânga zir tûr a ni, an ti a. Chutia an han zir chian chuan an thil hmuh chhuahte chu tûn hmaa Bible an lo rin dân nên a inmil ta lo a. Hetiang higher criticism hi kum zabi 19-naah England-ah pawh a lut ve a. Anglican Kohhran puithiam pasarih, German-ho ngaih dân lo hmêlhriat tawhten Essays and Reviews tih lehkhabu ziakin, Mosia hi Dan Bu pangate ziaktu a ni lo, Lal Davida hi Sam ziaktu a ni lo, Bible-a thilmakte hi a tak tak ni lovin entirna mai a ni tih thute an tarlang a. Heng thuin mipui a han barakhaih thut mai chu an chiai hle a,  “Bible hi history anga rin tlâk a nih loh chuan eng nge hlutna a neih?” tih chu mipui zawhna lian tak a ni ta a ni.

America ram lamah pawh he ngaih dan hi a darh ve zel a. |henkhat chuan an lo pawmzam theih laiin, a ruh zual thenkhat chuan an haw hle a. Theologian thenkhat, Charles Hodge te, Benjamin Warfield te chuan Bible hi a thumal tin a dik vek a, a chhûnga thu inziak zawng zawng pawh hi a dik fai vek a ni, tiin tan an khawh thung a.[15] Kristiante zîngah pawh ngaih dân a inang thei tawh lo.

3. Kohhran paih thlak duhna

Modern atheism a rawn chhuahna chhan lian tak pakhat chu, kohhranin a nihna leh a thuneihna a hman sual nasat vâng a ni.[16] Roman Catholic kohhran chu ram inpumkhatna atan leh ram inrelbawlnaah mu leh mal a awm theihna atan a tangkai hle a. Chuti a nih rualin, kohhranho chuan thuneihna leh hausakna an duh em em bawk a. Khawvêl thiamna thang zêl kârah kohhran chu ram hmasawnna dâltu leh finna lama hmasâwnna tithuanawptuah mi thenkhat chuan an ngai a ni.

Europe ram hrang hrangah kohhranho ram rorêlnaah an inrawlh nasa a, ram thenkhatah chuan roreltu tha lote pawh kohhranin an thlâwp tlat a. Ram rorêlna siam tha tûr chuan kohhran pawh chu tihchhiat tel a ngai a ni, tih ngaih dân a lian ta hle a. Amaherawhchu kohhran thiltihtheihna chu khina hneh ngawt chi a ni si lova; chuvângin a innghahna lungphûm – Bible leh thurinte chu an bei ta zâwk a ni.[17]

Heng chhan hrang hrangte avâng hian atheism chu France, Germany leh England-ahte thang zêlin ram hrang hrangah a darh a. Kum 1960 a lo her chhuah meuh chuan khawvêl mipui tam tak chuan Kristianna an kalsan nasa hle tawh a ni.[18]

New Atheism

Tun laia atheism rawn hluar thar hi New Atheism an ti deuh bîk a, a vawrh lârtute hi New Atheists tiin hming an vuahsak a, hêng zîngah hian a lâr zual, the Four Horsemen of New Atheism tia an sawi thin chu – Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, Sam Harris leh Daniel Dennett te an ni. Anniho hi scientist te, philosopher te, thuziak mi te an ni a; anmahni leh an thuihruaite hian lehkhabu, internet leh TV hmangin atheism an theh darh mêk a ni.

Hêng mi palite lehkhabu ziah hian khawthlang lam khawvêl chu a chiah hneh hle tawh a: Richard Dawkins – The God Delusion; Sam Harris – The End of Faith; Christopher Hitchens – God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything; Daniel Dennett – Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon.

A tawi zâwnga khai khâwmin, hêng mite hian Pathian a awm an ring lo a ni satliah lova, sakhuana hrim hrim (Kristianna leh a dangte) hi tûnlai khawvêla thil hlauhawm ber pakhata ngaiin ûm bo an duh a ni. A chhante chu:

• Pathian hi a awm leh awm loh fiah tak tak theih a ni lo va; Pathian chanchin ziahna lehkhabute hi tûn hmaa hnâm mâwlho ziah a ni a; chuvângin he rinna hi bânsan a hun tawh a ni; "Kan culture-a sual, sawi ngaihna awm lo khawpa sual rapthlak chu monotheism (Pathian pakhat rinna) hi a ni. Bronze Age (dâr hriamhrei hman) hun lai chhuak lehkhabu mawlmang leh nunrawng Thuthlung Hlui an tih atang chuan mihring tana hlauhawm sakhua pathum - Judaism, Christianity leh Islam a rawn chhuak a. Heng hi …mipa dah chungnunna sakhua an ni…kum 2000 zet chu hmeichhe huatna an lo nunpui tawh a ni." - Gore Vidal
• hmakhawsâng ata tawh tûn thlengin sakhuana hi indona, firfiaka chêtna leh inrahbehna thlentu lian ber a ni a, a hlauhawm a ni; “Uganda rama pâwl hlauhawm leh nunrawng ber chu Lord’s Resistance Army a ni a, mi sang tam tak an that tawh a, an pawla sipaia tang turin naupang tam tak an ru bo reng bawk a. He pawl dinchhuaktu chu Joseph Kony a ni a, Kristian puithiam chhungkua atanga sei lian a ni a, Uganda rama Thu Sawm Pek lek kawh tumtu a ni.” – Christopher Hitchens [19]
• sakhuana hi science hmêlma a ni; lehkhabu hlui hi miin dik bera a rin tlat chuan science-ah hma a sâwn theih loh; “Ringtute chuan Bible an chhiar a, a chhunga thu awm chu ngaihtuah zui pawh ngai lovin dik turah an ngai nghal tawp mai a. Tûnlaia thiamna sâng zêlin Bible kalh zawnga thil hmuh chhuah thar a neih chuan, Bible zirtirna ni lovin, thil hmuh chhuah thar chu hnâwl zâwk tûr a ni. Scientist ten thu dik nia an rin chu eng lehkhabu hlui emaw an chhiar avânga ring an ni lo va, hun rei tak chhung, chîk taka thil an chhût leh an chhui atanga an rin a ni a. Sakhaw mite chuan tun hma lehkhabu hlui eng emaw an chhiar a, thu dik niin an ring nghal hmiah mai a ni. Sakhaw mite rinna chu eng mahin a tidanglam thei tawh lo va…Scientist te erawh chuan dik nia an hriat tawh sa pawh thil hmuh chhuah thar nên a inkalh chuan, ngaih dân an lo neih tawh sa chu an thlâk leh ngam a ni.” – Richard Dawkins
• nun dân dik hre tûrin sakhaw lehkhabu kan mamawh lo mai ni lovin, hêng sakhaw lehkhabua nun dân tûr inziak tam tak hi tûnlai khawvêlah hman tlâk a ni tawh lo va, a hlauhawm êm êm zâwk a ni; nun dân dik chu mihring finna hmangin kan duang chhuak tûr a ni; ringtute hi ringlote aia an that bîkna a awm chuang lo: “Tûn hma deuhva sal hmanga sumdawng thîn, sal nei ramte kha Kristian ram an ni hlawm – America leh Europe khawmualpuia ram hrang hrangte. Sal ni thîn, zalen ta, Frederick Douglass-a chuan a lehkhabu ziah Autobiography-ah chuan, sal neitu nunrâwng tak takte kha Kristian tha tak an ni duh viau tih a ziak… America rama bawih bân a nih dawn khân sal neih duhtuten tanchhan atâna an hman bêr pakhat chu Bible a ni a, Thuthlung Hluiah bawih neih Bible-in a phal a, Isua pawhin Thuthlung Hlui dante hi a nem nghet nawn a, chuvângin bawih neih hi Pathianin thil awm dân tûra a ruahman a ni, tiin an tang thîn. Sal chhuah duhtuten Pathian an lamah a tang tih an rin ang bawkin, sal neih duhtute pawhin Pathian an lamah a tang niin an ring…” – Christopher Hitchens

Atheism chungchanga kan hriat tûr pawimawhte

1. Atheist-ho thuziak hi awih vek tûr a ni lo

Atheist-ten Kristianna dona thu an ziah hian, thu dik kârah thu belh chian dâwl lo an telh nual thîn. German philosopher Ernst Haeckel-a’n The Riddle of the Universe tih bua Kristianna a beihna thenkhat chu a dik lo chiang lutuk a, philosopher tho Friedrich Paulsen chuan he lehkhabu a chhiar hian zahthlâk a ti a, a sen tâwn tâwn niin a insawi.[20] Richard Dawkins lehkhabu The God Delusion chu atheist philosopher of science, Michael Ruse chuan zahpuiawm a ti a, atheist nih a tizahthlâk hial a ni, a ti. Hei hi a chhan nia lang chu Dawkins hian thu belhchian dâwl lo leh science tak tak ni lo, pseudoscience a ziah tel vâng a ni âwm e, tiin scientist theologian, Alister McGrath chuan a sawi.[21]

Heng new atheist – Dawkins, Harris leh Hitchens te hi anmahni field-ah mi thiam tia sawi tur an nih laiin Kristianna chungchanga an thuziak a pawnlâng hle thung a. Kristiannaah pawh a chhe lai ber an thlûr zar zar a, a deusawh nuam tûr Kristian fundamentalist ho an bei deuh ber a, theologian ropuite thuziak an chai ngai lo va, sawi pawh an sawi lang meuh lo. Chuvângin, anni thuziak hi ngaih dân tâwk neih thiam a tha.[22]

2. Atheist-ten science leh sakhuana inhmêlmâktir an tum dân hi man thiam a tûl

New atheist-te hian science leh sakhuana hi inhmêlmâktir an tum urh hle a, a inmil lohzia sawi nuam an ti hle. Hei hi chhui chianin belh chian a dâwl tâwk lo fo thîn. Scientist zingah Pathian ring lo an awm laiin, Pathian ring an awm tho bawk a. Science hian worldview a nei sa lo va, scientist ten an worldview neih sa an rawn chhawm lût thîn mai zawk a ni.

Atheist ten sawi nuam an tih em em chu tun hmain kohhranin science thil hmuh chhuahte hup beh tumin a lo do tawh thin, tih a ni. A nihna dik tak bâkin an sawi uar fo tih hriat tûr. Tûn hma atangin kohhran hruaitu zîngah mihring finna hmanga thil chhui chhuah ngaisang lem lo an awm rualin, science ngaisang em emtute an awm bawk. Augustine-a chuan science thil hmuh chhuah thar leh Bible-a thu eng emaw inkalh a awm a nih chuan Bible thu chu en that tur a ni, tiin a lo sawi a, hei hi principle of accomodation tiin an vuah. John Calvin pawhin Bible-a vân sâng lam thil ziahna awmte hi mipui mimirin an hriat thiam theih tûra ziah a ni, chuvângin Bible hian vân sâng lam chanchin min zirtir a tum lo va, miin vân lam chanchin (astronomy) a zir duh a nih chuan hmun dang pan zawk rawh se, a ti. Science hi thil tangkai tak a ni a, mi thenkhatin an thil hriat thiam loh an pawm theih loh ngawt avangin science hi tihthuanawp tur a ni lo, a ti bawk.

Kohhran pawh a rilru a zim nghal ngawt bik lo va; amaherawhchu Catholic leh Protestant inthen avânga boruak tha lo awm te leh harsatna dang te avangin Roman Catholic Kohhran a thikthu a chhe ta deuh va, kohhranin kal phung nghet a lo neih sa tidanglam tur thil chu an ringhlel ta thin a ni. Chutih lai boruak takah chuan Galileo-a’n Leiin Ni a hel tih a finfiah thu a rawn tlangaupui a, kohhran nen an thu a inhmu vak lo va. Hei hi atheist tam takin kohhranin science a dozia tarlan nan an hmang thîn a, a dik tâwk lo hle tih hriat a tha. Galileo-a ngaih dân hi kohhranin a hnâwl ngawt lo va, khatih hun laia politics kal sual avang leh amah Galileo-a’n puan chhuah dan a thiam tawk loh avangin a hun laia Pope nen an inhmuthiam lo zawk a ni. He ngaih dan tho hi a hma daihin Copernicus-a’n Vatican-ah a lo puang chhuak tawh a, Pope-in a remtihpuina a lo pe thlap tawh zawk a ni.[23]

Kan sawi tawh angin scientist-te zingah pawh Pathian chungchang an thlîr dân a inang lo hle. Theoretical physicist ropui Stephen Hawking chuan kan chênna universe lo awm dân sawi fiah nân Pathian kan mamawh lo, a ti.[24] Chu tih laiin theoretical physicist tho, John Polkinghorne chu science a thiamna chuan Pathian a rinna a tinghet zâwk a ni.[25] Scientist thenkhatin kan universe hian siamtu a neih an rin loh laiin, cosmologist Paul Davies chuan he kan universe hi chhan leh vâng neia lo awm a nih a ring a, science hian Pathian hnênah mi a hruai thleng theiin a ring hial.[26]

Theoretical physicist ropui Richard Feynman chuan khawvêl nih phung chungchângah science-in sakhaw zirtirna thenkhat a thiah laiin, mihring nun dân tûr chungchânga Kristian zirtirna chu science hian a khawih buai lova, science chhui theih piah lam a nih avangin science leh sakhuana hi inkalh lovin an kal thei a ni, a ti.[27]

Paul Davies hian, Europe khawmual kha Western theology in lo luah hneh viau lo sela chu science kha a thang duang zel ang em tih ngaihtuah tham tak a ni, a ti a. China ram pawh khatih hun lai khan fing hle tawh mah se, an khawvel thlir danah mumal taka khawvel enkawltu Pathian rinna an neih loh avangin, an science chu nausen thi saa piang ang maiin a than a tâwp tlat a ni, a ti bawk.[28]

3. New atheism hian sakhua a ang sâwt hle

Anmahni chuan duh lovin tang teh mah sela new atheism hian sakhaw kulmût a ang sâwt hle a. Dik berah inngaiin, an ngaihdân tâwmpui lotute chu (mi thiam pawh ni se) mi mâwlah chhuah an tum tâlh thîn (Pulitzer Prize dawngtu journalist, Chris Hedges leh Sam Harris inkawmnaah chuan Harris hian Hedges hi a mawl thei ang bera chhuah a tum emaw tih mai tur a ni).

New atheism hlauhawm em emna pakhat chu, anmahni ngaih dan pawmpui thei lotu chu mawl hleah ngaih luih talh an tum a, Pathian rinna leh sualna an suih zawm lui tlat bawk a. Anmahni felah inngaiin sualna chu pawn lamah an dah a (externalizing of evil); hemi avang tak hian an huat em em religious fundamentalist te nen an thu sawi duh dân leh an kal phung a inang viau a ni, tiin Chris Hedges chuan a sawi (cf. I Don’t Believe in Atheists by Chris Hedges)

4. Atheism hian nun mumal lohnaah mi a hruai lût thei

“Atheism atang pawhin chhia leh tha tehfung nghet (objective morality) a duan theih a ni,” tiin new atheist te hi an tang na hle a; mahse atheist mi fing, Friedrich Nietzsche chuan Pathian kan hnâwl tawh chuan chhia leh tha tehfung nghet a awm tawh lo tih a hre chiang hle (cf. The Parable of the Madman in The Gay Science by Friedrich Nietzsche). Pathian ai awhin ‘mi chungnung’ (Ubermensch) ten khawvel an kaihhruai a ngai a ni, a ti a. ‘Mi chungnung’ chuan heng Kristian zirtirna – khawngaihna leh lainatnate hi ngainêpin, amaha awm – ‘thiltihtheih duhna’ chu a inkaihhruaitir tur a ni a ti.[29] He zirtirna hian mi thiltitheite a chawisan rualin mi hnuaihnungte a rap bet thung a, Hitler-a’n a taka a han chantir mai phei chu a nghawng a rapthlak hle a ni.

5. Atheism-in hmun ruak a siam a, thil dangin a rawn hnawh khat thin

Kum 1960 chho vêla Europe-a atheism a hluar lai khân Kristian kohhrante chu mipuiten an hawisan nasa hle a. Chutih rualin, Indopui Pakhatna leh Pahnihna an pal tlang tawh avangin mihring finna leh science lama hmasawnna hian khawvel nuam zâwk a thlen kher lo tih leh, mihring a siam tha kher lo tih an hre tawh a. Atheism-in a ken tel, science leh reason chauh hmanga thutak zawn tumna ngaihdan khauh tak chu an ringhlelin an kham tawh a, an nun tuihâlna tireh tûrin khawchhak sakhua – Buddhism te, Hinduism te an bêlbul ta a, thlarau hriatna zawngin Kathmandu thleng thlengin an feh chhuak ta a nih kha.[30] Atheism hian Mizoramah bu han khuar nghet ve viau mai phei sela keini hnam naupang leh culture nghet tak la nei lo tan chuan a nghawng a tha lo hle ang.

Atheism leh Mizote

Atheism hian Mizote hi min luh chilh tawh a ni tih hai rual a ni lova. Mizoram pâwna awm, Pastor pakhat chuan an awmna khawpui college-a Mizo zirlaite zîngah atheist an awm fur mai a ti. Mizo zînga atheist eng emaw zât hi chu phaia college an kal laia he ngaihdân rawn nei haw ta hi an ni awm e.

Internet social networking hmangin Sapho pawhin atheism hi an theh darh reng a. Facebook-ah pawh atheist group tam tak a awm a. Science leh Biblical criticism te hmanruaah hmangin hnialkhan tha tak tak an rawn chhawp chhuak thei a. Kan Mizo atheist-te pawh hian hêng Sâpho group atang hian pûr chawin, an hnialkhânte chu Mizo atheist group-ahte an rawn chhawp chhuak chhâwng ve leh thin a ni.

Mizo atheist-te zîngah belh chian dawl lem lo an awm rualin, tih tak zeta inzir an awm ve bawk a, science leh Pathian thu theih ang anga an zir hnua atheist nih thlang ta zâwkte pawh an awm ve âwm e. Hêng mite hi chu pal liam theih an ni lova, titipui tûr pawhin atheism hi thui tak hriat ve a ngai a ni. Anni ang hi chu evangelical sermon leh intihthaih zâwnga hneh chi an ni meuh lo.

Atheism hian kan in chhûngah internet kal tlangin min rûn reng a. Kan hriat lohvin kan tu leh fate pawh hian atheism hi an lo tuipui viau thei. Chuvângin, kohhranten fimkhur taka a do lêt dân kan zawn a ngai a. Kan do nasat lutuk chuan duh aiin kan tilâr ang tih a hlauhawm a; kan ngaihthah chuan zawi zawiin kohhran lungphûm a ei chhia ang a, kan harh chhuah meuh chuan, Sap ram kohhrante angin, kan lo chhe hman viau tawh ang tih a hlauhawm.

Tlipna

Atheist ten sakhuana an sawisêlna hi a dik lo vek hauh lova, Kristiante pawhin atheist-te thusawi atang hian zir tûr kan nei. Sakhuana hi miin a hman sual chuan Pathian hminga mahni duh dân tihchungnunna hmanrua a ni thei a, hmang sual lo tûrin kan invên a ngai. Bible kan chhiarin, tûn hma Israel-te dinhmun leh kan dinhmun a inang lo tih hria a, mawlmang taka pawm ngawt lovin tûnlai hun mila a thuchah hmu chhuak thei tura taimâk kan chhuah a tûl a. Science leh Pathian thu inlaichîn dân dik lo chuan science leh Pathian thu a tibuai ve ve a. Science avânga Pathian ropuina kan hmuhahte kan lâwm rualin, Pathian thu hian science min zirtîr a tum lo tih hriat reng a tul a. Science thudik nia kan hriatte pawh hi evidence thar a awm chuan inthlak thei reng a ni ve bawk a, rinna nghahchhan atana hman chu a fuh lo viau thei. Pathian thu chuan mihring nihna min zirtir a, mihring thinlungah thil dik lo a awm avangin mihring leh thilsiam dangte leh Pathian inzawmna a lo chhia a, chu chuan mihring nunah sualna chi hrang hrang a hring chhuak a; hemi siam tha leh tur chuan mihringte hian Pathian leh thilsiam dangte nena kan inzawmna chat tawh kan siam that leh a ngai a ni, tih min zirtir a ni.

Atheist philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche chuan mihring khalh kaltu chu ‘thiltihtheih duhna’ hi a ni a ti a, hei hi kan nun hruaituah kan hmang tur a ni ti. Isua erawh chuan he rilru, mi dangte laka chungnun duhna hi a dem a; he rilru hneh tur chuan mahni inphat a, amah ring a, a hnung zuia mi dang rawng bawl turin min zirtir a ni. Duhthlan tur pahnih a awm a, kan thlan dân azirin he leiah hian vân ram kan thlen thei a, hremhmun kan thlen thei bawk.

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[1] Nick Spencer, Atheists : The Origin of the Species (London : Bloomsbury, 2014), xviii.

[2] Julian Baggini, Atheism : A Very Short Introduction (NY : Oxford University Press, 2003), 4.

[3] Christopher Hitchens, God is not Great (NY : Twelve, 2007), 5.

[4] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God (India : Vintage Books, 2010), 2-3.

[5] Julian Baggini, op. cit., 74.

[6] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 55-59.

[7] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 62ff.

[8] Karen Armstrong, A History of God (London : Vintage Books, 1999), 120-121.

[9] Karen Armstrong, A History of God, 243-245.

[10] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 131.

[11] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 130.

[12] Gavin Hyman, A Short History of Atheism (London : I.B. Taurus, 2010), 19-46.

[13] Karen Armstrong, The Case For God, 197-202.

[14] Karen Armstrong, The Case For God, 238.

[15] Karen Armstrong, The Case For God, 232-239.

[16] Alister McGrath, The Twilight of Atheism (USA : Doubleday, 2004), 11.

[17] Alister McGrath, op. cit., 11.

[18] Alister McGrath, op. cit., xi.

[19] Christopher Hitchens, op. cit., chapter 13.

[20] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 245.

[21] Alister McGrath & Joanna Collicutt McGrath, The Dawkins Delusion (Illinois : IVP Books, 2007), 11.

[22] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 7.

[23] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God., 175-183.

[24] Stephen Hawking & Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand Design (London : Bantam Books, 2011), 216.

[25] John Polkinghorne hi quantum physics lama mi thiam a ni a, Quantum Physics and Theology tih bu pawh a ziak nghe nghe a ni.

[26] Paul Davies, The Mind of God (England : Penguin Books : 1993), 223-232.

[27] Richard Feynman, The Relation of Science and Religion in The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (London : Penguin Books, 2007), 245-257.

[28] Paul Davies, op. cit., 77.

[29] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 246-247.

[30] Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, 279.